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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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blood gen
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1. part of the cardiovascular system: with heart + blood vessels
2. fluid CT 3. composed of fluid and cellular elements |
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blood fx
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1. transportation
2. regulation: T, pH, osmotic P 3. protection: pathogens, clotting |
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formed elements
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- separate from fluid (=plasma) after centrifugation or upon standing and consists of 2 components:
1. buffy coat 2. hematocrit |
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buffy coat
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- part of formed elements
- top layer of WBCs and platelets ~1% - WBCs: 1. neutrophils 60-70% 2. lymphocytes: 20-25% 3. monocytes: 3-8% 4. eosinophils: 2-4% 5. basophils: 0.5-1% - microfilaria acculumates above buffy |
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hematocrit
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- part of formed elements
- % total BV occupied by RBCs ~40% +- 15% spp dependant - cattle at higher end - males have higher PCV due to testosterone |
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plasma
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1. proteins 7% (7g/dl)
2. water 91.5% 3. other solutes 1.5% |
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other solutes in plasma
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1. electrolytes: Na, Cl and low K
2. nutrients 3. gases 4. regulators 5. vitamins 6. waste products |
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plasma protein types
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1. albumins 50%, gen transp eg hormones
2. globulins 45%, gamma WBC derived Ab 3. fibrinogen 4%: clotting 4. others 1% |
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plasma proteins
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- essential as group to maintain plasma oncotic P: water balance b/w intra and extracellular compartments
= maintain filtration P - derived from liver (albumin, some globulins, fibrinogen) and WBC - involved in transport, defense and blood clotting |
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normal PP level
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normal PP level: 7%, 7g/100ml
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inflammation bloodwork
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- PP absolute increase: gamma globulins, fibrinogen called acute phase proteins
- more apparent in large animals - PCV normal |
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dehydration bloodwork
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- PP can look increased in dehydration/ hemoconcentration
- PP relative increase: all proteins - PCV and PP increased |
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PP in end stage liver dz and blood loss
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- PP can be decreased in:
1. end stage liver dz: lack of production, decreased oncotic P which favors water resorption resulting in edema 2. blood loss |
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pluripotent stem cell
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pluripotent stem cell replenishes itself and differentiates into 2 stem cell lines:
1. myeloid 2. lymphoid - these lines further differentiate into separate cell lines - all formed elements originate here |
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myeloid stem cell line
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myeloid stem cell line:
1. RBCs 2. platelets 3. monocytes 4. granulocytes |
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lymphoid stem cell line
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lymphoid stem cell line:
1. B lymphocytes 2. T lymphocytes |
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hemopoeisis sites
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-hemopoeisis occurs in:
1. both birth: spleen, liver, thymus, yolk sac, lymph nodes 2. adults: red bone marrow and lymphoid tissue - if challenged can reactivate spleen and liver - bones of pelvis, sternum, ribs (long bones fat-filled) - |
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hemopoesis control
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-hemopoesis controlled via:
1. CSFs (colony stimulating factors) 2. interleukins 3. cytokines 4. thrombopoeitin 5. erythropoeitin |
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total blood volume
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total blood volume in adults is:
1. 6-8% of body weight -or- 2. 60-80ml/ kg - lower: cats - higher: dogs, birds and most warm-blooded horses |
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blood samples
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- can safely withdrawl:
1. compromised: 1% of body weight or 10ml/kg 2. healthy donor: max 2% of body weight or 20ml/kg |
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fluid replacement therapy
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1. severely dehydrated patients can be given the equivalent of their total BV within 1 hour using crystalloids:
7% body weight or 70ml/kg - 1 hour later: 75% of the infused fluid will have moved out of the vascular system into the tissues, rehydrating the ECF and ICF 2. maintenence: approximately total BV over 24 hr - hypovolemic shock ~20% BV |
