2. Nervous System

Front 1

How is the nervous system divided? 2 ways:

Back 1

-Structurally - CNS + PNS

-Functionally - SNS + ANS

Front 2

What do SNS and ANS stand for?

Back 2

Somatic nerv sys
Autonomic nerv sys

Front 3

What ar the 2 main cell types of nervous tissue?

Back 3

-Neurons
-Neuroglia

Front 4

What are neuroglia?

Back 4

support cells

Front 5

What are Neurons?

Back 5

The structural and functional units of the nervous system

Front 6

What are the componenets of a neuron?

Back 6

-Cell body
0Dendrites
0Axon

Front 7

What are synapses?

Back 7

Points of contact between neurons, for communication.

Front 8

How does communication occur between synapses?

Back 8

Via neurotransmitters.

Front 9

What is the CNS?

Back 9

Brain + Spinal cord

Front 10

What is a Nucleus?

Back 10

A collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS.

Front 11

What is a tract?

Back 11

A bundle of axons connecting distant nuclei in the CNS.

Front 12

What is Gray matter made of?

Back 12

Nerve cell bodies

Front 13

What is White matter made of?

Back 13

Tracts.

Front 14

What are the 3 layers of meninges?

Back 14

-Pia mater
-Arachnoid mater
-Dura mater

Front 15

What layer is innermost?
Outermost?

Back 15

Inner = Pia mater
Outermost = Dura mater

Front 16

Between what two layers of mater is CSF located in the brain?

Back 16

Between the Pia mater and Arachnoid mater

Front 17

What does the PNS consist of?

Back 17

Cell bodies and nerve fibers not in the brain/spinal cord, which conduct impulses to/away from the brain.

Front 18

A collection of nerve cell bodies is called
-Within the CNS
-Within the PNS

Back 18

CNS: a nucleus

PNS: a ganglion

Front 19

A bundle of nerve fibers that connect nuclei within the CNS is called:

Back 19

A Tract

Front 20

A bundle of nerve fibers, its binding connective tissue, and blood vessels serving it in the PNS is called:

Back 20

A nerve

Front 21

In what 7 tissues do sensory nerves end?

Back 21

1. Skin
2. Fascia
3. Skeletal muscle
4. Bones
5. Joints
6. Body wall
7. Viscera

Front 22

Where do Motor nerves end (4 places)

Back 22

1. Skeletal muscle
2. Smooth muscle
3. Glands
4. Cardiac muscle

Front 23

What are 2 ways to describe innervation?

Back 23

1. In re: to direction of impulse transmission
2. In re: to area of body

Front 24

How is the body divided up into areas when talking re: nerves?

Back 24

1. Somatic
2. Visceral

Front 25

What is somatic?

Back 25

Body wall and outer lining layer of body cavities.

Front 26

What term denotes outer lining layer of body cavities?

Back 26

Parietal.. e.g. parietal pleural layer

Front 27

What is versal?

Back 27

Smooth muscle
Glands
Inner lining layer/membranes of body cavities.

Front 28

So what are 4 types of nerve fibers that can be found in spinal nerves?

Back 28

1. Somatic Efferent (motor control)
2. Somatic Afferent (motor sensory)
3. Visceral Efferent (organ control)
4. Visceral Afferent (organ sensory)

Front 29

What are spinal nerves?

Back 29

Peripheral nerves attached to the spinal cord that innervate the body wall structures located below the head, which exit the vertebral column

Front 30

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

Back 30

31

Front 31

How are spinal nerves named?

Back 31

Thoracic and below: Nerves exit inferior to the vertebra they're named for.
Cervical: Nerves exit ABOVE the vertebra they're named for.

Front 32

What spinal nerve doesn't have a vertebra that it's named for?

Back 32

C8 - there are only 7 cervical vertebrae.

Front 33

What are Spinal Nerve Roots?

Back 33

Pathways for nerve fibers to enter/leave the spinal cord.

Front 34

How many roots are there per vertebral level?

Back 34

4: 2 dorsal + 2 ventral

Front 35

What type of fibers make up:
-Dorsal root pair
-Ventral root pair

Back 35

Dorsal pair = Sensory

Ventral pair = Motor

Front 36

Which root has a ganglion?

Back 36

The dorsal

Front 37

What is the dorsal root ganglion?

Back 37

The location of the primary sensory neurons for te trunk and limbs.

Front 38

What are the Primary rami?

Back 38

the main branches of the spinal nerve.

Front 39

What body area is supplied by:
-Dorsal rami
-Ventral rami

Back 39

dorsal - the back

Ventral - lateral/ventral trunk and limbs.

Front 40

What are the somatic components of the spinal nerve responsible for?

Back 40

Innervating structures in the body wall and limbs.

Front 41

How many neurons are between the CNS and end organ in the somatic system?

Back 41

ONE.

Front 42

Where are Somatosensory receptors located?

Back 42

In Skin, muscle, fascia, joints, and outer layer of serous sacs of body cavities.

Front 43

What 7 types of info do somatosensory fibers sense?

Back 43

-Pain, temp, touch, pressure
-Vibration, Position, tactile discrimination.

Front 44

What do somatomotor fibers innervate?

Back 44

skeletal muscle, the body wall, and limbs.

Front 45

What are 3 the components of the SNS?

Back 45

1. Autonomic ganglia
2. Sympathetic trunk
3. Communicating rami

Front 46

At what vertebral levels is the SNS origin located?

Back 46

T1-L2

Front 47

At what vertebral levels are the Sympathetic Ganglia located?

Back 47

T1-S1 - extend down further.

Front 48

Where else are sympathetic ganglia found?

Back 48

-3 pairs in the cervical region
-Unpaired terminal ganglia

Front 49

What is the sympathetic trunk?

Back 49

Pairs of nerve cords that link the ganglia, and run parallel to the vertebral column.

Front 50

What links the sympathetic trunk to the spinal nerves?

Back 50

Communicating rami

Front 51

Waht are the 2 types of communicating rami?

Back 51

White
Grey

Front 52

Where are white communicating rami located?

Back 52

At levels T1-L2 (origin of the SNS)

Front 53

Where are grey communicating rami located?

Back 53

At all levels.

Front 54

What is the difference between grey and white communicating rami?

Back 54

-White are myelinated
-Location