2-Joints Of The Lower Limb

Front 1

What type of motion do the subtarsal and transverse joints allow for?

Back 1

inversion/eversion of foot

Front 2

What part of the femur is a major site of muscular attachment?

Back 2

trochanters

Front 3

Name the thickend regions or ligaments of the hip joint.

Back 3

iliofemoral, pubofemoral and ishiofemoral

Front 4

What helps to deepen the socket of the hip joint? What type of cartilage covers it?

Back 4

acetabular labrum
fibrocartilage

Front 5

Which arteries supply the hip joint?

Back 5

medial and lateral femoral circumflex, branches of obturator, superior and inferior gluteal, retinacular branches

Front 6

Where are the retinacular branches located?

Back 6

lie against the femoral neck

Front 7

Which nerves innervatet he hip?

Back 7

obturator and superior gluteal nerve

Front 8

What is Trendelenburg sign?

Back 8

waddling gait, one hip drops during every walking cycle

Front 9

What is a positive Trendelenburg test? What type of disease may be present?

Back 9

when patient is asked to stand on one foot, the side opposite droops
-disease int he gluteus medius/minimus or siatic nerve

Front 10

What can artificially stabilize (raise) the pelvis in a patient with a positive Trendelenburg test?

Back 10

use of a cane held in the hand of the affected side

Front 11

What is the action of the knee joint?

Back 11

flexion/extension and rotation between femur and tibia

Front 12

What is located just superior to the medial epicondyle?

Back 12

adductor tubercle

Front 13

What is between the posterior projection of the medial and lateral condyles?

Back 13

intercondylar fossa

Front 14

What is superior to the lateral and medial femoral condyles on the posterior surface?

Back 14

supracondylar lines

Front 15

What is the region between the supracondylar lines?

Back 15

triangular popliteal surface

Front 16

What is the prominen ridge along the middle 1/3 of the posterior shaft of the femur?

Back 16

linea aspera

Front 17

The distal ends of the femur are much closer together than the proximal ends, what is the usefulness of this?

Back 17

helps minimize side-to-side motion=less energy

Front 18

What forms the front of the articular capsule of the knee?

Back 18

tendons of the quadriceps and patellarligament

Front 19

What forms the sides of the articular capsule of the knee joint?

Back 19

aponeurotic expansions of the vastus medialis and lateralis which fan-out to form medial and lateral retinacula of the patella

Front 20

Is the intercondylar fossa within the articular capsule?

Back 20

yes

Front 21

Name the special ligaments that help reinforce the knee.

Back 21

tibial collateral and oblique popliteal ligament

Front 22

What is the tibial collateral ligament a thickening of?

Back 22

medial articular capsule

Front 23

What helps attache the tibial collateral ligament to the articular disc?

Back 23

coronary ligament

Front 24

Which ligament reinforces the posterior wall of the knee joint?

Back 24

oblique popliteal ligament

Front 25

What is the oblique popliteal ligament a continuation of?

Back 25

tendon of semimembranosus

Front 26

Which ligament of the knee joint is not part of the capsule?

Back 26

lateral collateral ligament

Front 27

What is the synovial membrane that reaches beneath the tendon of quadriceps?

Back 27

suprapatellar bursa

Front 28

What does the synovial membrane of the knee joint not cover?

Back 28

articular surfaces of the patella or tibia

Front 29

What does the synovial membrane typically communicate with?

Back 29

bursa

Front 30

What is the position of the cruciate ligaments?

Back 30

from intercondylar fossa of femus to intercondylar eminence of tibia

Front 31

Describe the meniscus.

Back 31

incomplete, flat fibrocartilage rings

Front 32

Which of the meniscus is immobile? What is the reason for this?

Back 32

medial meniscus
b/c of adhesions to the intercondyhlar region of tibia and attachments to articular capsule

Front 33

Which vessels supply the knee joint?

Back 33

genicular anastomosis

Front 34

Which nerves supply the knee joint?

Back 34

muscular branches of femoral nerve and saphenous nerve, as well as branches from tibial, common fibular and obturator nerves

Front 35

What is the stabilizes of the knee joint directly related to?

Back 35

relative positions of tibia and femus, more stable when locked

Front 36

Which type of ligament restricts excess rotation?

Back 36

collateral ligaments

Front 37

Which ligament is particularly helpful at resisting over-extension? What is its other function?

Back 37

nterior cruciate
prevents backward displacement of femus off of flat tibial articular surface

Front 38

What prevents forward displacement of femur off top of tibia?

Back 38

posterior cruciate ligament and popliteus muscle

Front 39

What is the origin and insertion of the popliteus muscle?

Back 39

o-femoral and meniscal
i-proximal posterior surface of tibia

Front 40

What is the action of the popliteus muscle?

Back 40

medial rotator of tibia or lateral rotator of femur, unlocks knee, prevents forward dislocation of femur

Front 41

Which nerve supplies the popliteus muscle?

Back 41

tibial

Front 42

What is the 'unhappy triad'?

Back 42

injury to anterior cruciate ligament, medial meniscus and medial collateral ligmaent

Front 43

Which ligaments are less likely to be injured?

Back 43

lateral collateral ligament or posterior cruciate ligament

Front 44

What part of the knee joint is prone to dislocation?

Back 44

lateral patellar dislocation

Front 45

The weight of the body is transmitted from what to what?

Back 45

tibia to talus

Front 46

All tendons crossing the ankle joint also cross tarsal joints except which tendon?

Back 46

calcaneal

Front 47

Describe how many tendons enter the foot and what side each is on.

Back 47

4 anterior, 2 lateral, 3 deep posteior

Front 48

Describe the location of the superior extensor retinacula.

Back 48

between anterior borders of tibia and fibula

Front 49

Describe teh inferior extensor retinacula.

Back 49

Y-shaped band anterior to ankle joint

Front 50

What is the location of the peroneal extensor retinacula.

Back 50

from lateral malleolus to cacaneus

Front 51

What is the location of the flexor retinaculum of the ankle?

Back 51

from medial malleolus to medial side of calcaneus

Front 52

Which nerve and artery pass deep to the flexor retinaculum?

Back 52

posterial tibial artery and tibial nerve

Front 53

Which skeletal elements make up the ankle joint?

Back 53

lateral and medial malleolus, talus and calcaneus

Front 54

Why is the lateral malleolus pointed with 2 facets?

Back 54

for articulation with tibia and talus

Front 55

The medial surface of the lateral malleolus and the lateral surface of th emedial malleolus are covered by what type of cartilage?

Back 55

hyaline

Front 56

What does the medial malleolus articulate with?

Back 56

talus

Front 57

What does the superior surface of the talus articulate with? What does the head of the talus articulate with?

Back 57

-malleoli
navicular and calcaneus

Front 58

What is the tuberosity of the calcaneus an attachment site for?

Back 58

Achilles tendon

Front 59

What part of the calcaneus supports the talus and serves as a point of attachment for the medial collateral ligament?

Back 59

sustentaculum tali

Front 60

Which ligament attaches to the tubercle of the calcaneus?

Back 60

calcaneofibular ligament

Front 61

Which ligaments bind the fibula and tibia? Which ligament is the chief uniting element of the distal ends?

Back 61

tibiofibular interosseus-chief
anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments

Front 62

Why are the anterior and posterior parts of the articular capsule of the ankle joint loose?

Back 62

to permit dorsiflexion an dplantarflexion

Front 63

Name the intrinsic ligaments of the ankle joint.

Back 63

midieal or deltoid and lateral ligaments

Front 64

What does the medial ligament of the ankle joint connect? What does it prevent

Back 64

medial malleolus to navicular, talus, and calcaneus
prevents abduction

Front 65

What does the lateral ligament of the ankle joint prevent?

Back 65

adduction

Front 66

What are the 3 parts of the lateral ligament of the ankle joint?

Back 66

anterior and posterior toalfibular ligaments and calcaneofibular ligament

Front 67

What does the anterior talofibular ligament of the ankle joint unite?

Back 67

lateral malleolus to neck of talus

Front 68

What does the posterior talofibular ligament of the ankle joint unite?

Back 68

lateral malleolus to lateral tubercle of talus

Front 69

What does the calcaneofibular ligament of the ankle joint unite?

Back 69

lateral malleolus to tubercle on calcaneus