2-Joints And Arthritis

Front 1

What are the 3 classifications of joints?

Back 1

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

Front 2

What type of joints does the fibrous joints include? cartilaginous joints?

Back 2

fixed and slightly movable
same

Front 3

What is located between joints so the cartilage doesn't rub?

Back 3

synovial fluid

Front 4

What type of articular cartilage is at joints?

Back 4

hyaline (long bones)

Front 5

What is the articular joint capsule continuous with? What does it enclose?

Back 5

continuous w/ periostea
encloses joint space

Front 6

Why is there no basement membrane for the synovial membrane?

Back 6

allows for rapid exchange

Front 7

What lies on the loose vascular CT of the synovial folds and villi? What do these cells make?

Back 7

fibroblasts-make collagen

Front 8

What types of cells does the synovial fluid contain?

Back 8

monocytes, lymphocytes, macrophages, and some neutrophils

Front 9

What does the synovial fluid provid?

Back 9

nutrition, vascular supply and lubrication

Front 10

What is Hilton's Law?

Back 10

a joint will be innervated by the same nerves that innervate the attached muscles and overlying skin. In addition to fibers carrying proprioceptive information there are abundant pain fibers int eh joint.

Front 11

Where is the vascular supply to joints located?

Back 11

articular capsule and synovial membrane

Front 12

What is the definition of arthritis?

Back 12

any inflammatory process in a joint

Front 13

What happens to the synovium in rheumatoid arthritis?

Back 13

synovium is stimulated to produce excess fulid and fibrin which accumulates on the synovial surface

Front 14

What is a pannus?

Back 14

granulation tissue that grows across the joint

Front 15

When a joint is immobolized what can happen to the hypertrophic cartilages?

Back 15

may fuse and undergo ossification to form one 'welded' bone (ankylosis)

Front 16

What can form when articular cartilage breaks down?

Back 16

pannus

Front 17

The spread of inflammation in a growing pannus can lead to what?

Back 17

destruction of bone leading to bone deformity

Front 18

What can cause impairment of joint mobility?

Back 18

hypertrophy and hyperplasia of articular cartilage, producing and irregular surface

Front 19

Which joints are more likely to be affected in rheumatoid arthritis?

Back 19

distal joints

Front 20

What type of disease is rheumatoid arthritis?

Back 20

autoimmune

Front 21

What are 2 markers for rheumatoid arthritis?

Back 21

presence of rheumatoid factor and sero-positive

Front 22

What is osteoarthritis?

Back 22

degenerative disease most often caused by excessive wear and tear

Front 23

What is the first step of osteoarthritis?

Back 23

destruction of the articular cartilage beginning w/ clefts and splits due to swelling

Front 24

What happens after destruction of articular cartilage in osteoarthritis?

Back 24

disruption and collapse of chondrocytes near the surface

Front 25

What is lost in the superficial layer? What else is worn away?

Back 25

proteoglycans
articular cartilage-exposing bone

Front 26

When bony surfaces rub against one another what can happen?

Back 26

small cysts and irregular outgrowths of bone form

Front 27

What can cause inflammation in osteoarthritis?

Back 27

bone and cartilage debris

Front 28

What is Charcot's joints a complication of?

Back 28

diabetes mellitus in both type I and II, esp in patients w/ peripheral neuropathy

Front 29

What other diseases may cause Charcot's joints?

Back 29

alcoholism, leprosy, syphilis, Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease

Front 30

Diabetic neuropathy involves which part of the nervous system? What does it regulate?

Back 30

ANS
vascular flow in the limbs

Front 31

What can occur as peripheral neurophathy progresses in the long-standin diabetic?

Back 31

loss of proprioception

Front 32

What can occur b/c of loss of proprioception? Why does this happen?

Back 32

micro-fractures, calcium deposits and anormal bone growth b/c the bones don't adjust to normal forces and changes in position

Front 33

Where is the most common site of Charcot's joints? Why?

Back 33

lower extremities, b/c of weight bearing function

Front 34

When does Charcot's joints present?

Back 34

usually 10 years after being diabectic

Front 35

What are the three stages of Charcot's joints?

Back 35

fragmentation or destruction
coalescence
consolidation/reconstruction

Front 36

Which stage of Charcot's joints can be confused w/ osteoarthritis or infection?

Back 36

fragmentation or destruction

Front 37

During which stage does the acute destructive process slow? What else happens in this stage?

Back 37

coalescence
fractures partially heal, swelling reduced

Front 38

What happens during the consolidation or reconstruction phase of Charcot's joints?

Back 38

healing, but joints are often deformed

Front 39

What are the treatments for Charcot's joints?

Back 39

get heat and swelling under control
support/stabilize affected foot to minimize deformity
minimize weight-bearing