2. Inflammation And Repair

Front 1

Intrinsic pathway activates:

Back 1

Kininogen system leads to bradykinin

Front 2

B2-Integrins:

Back 2

neutrophil (CD11:18) adhesion molecules, activated by C5a and LTB4

Front 3

Delayed separation umbilical cord:

Back 3

selectin or CD11a:CD18 deficiency

Front 4

Opsonins:

Back 4

lgG and C3b

Front 5

Bruton's agammaglobulinemia:

Back 5

opsonization defect

Front 6

Chronic granulomatous disease:

Back 6

absent NADPH oxidase and respiratory burst

Front 7

MPO deficiency:

Back 7

normal respiratory burst, b/c have NADPH oxidase, cant kill bacteria b/c can't make bleach

Front 8

Thromboxane A2:

Back 8

Sources: Platelets, converted from PGH2 by thromboxane synthase. Functions: Vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, bronchoconstriction.

Front 9

PGH2:

Back 9

major precursor of PGs and thromboxanes

Front 10

PGE2:

Back 10

vasodilation, pain, fever

Front 11

PGI2:

Back 11

vasodilation; inhibition of platelet aggregation

Front 12

LTB4:

Back 12

chemotaxis and activation of neutrophil adhesion molecules

Front 13

LTC4, LTD4, LTE4:

Back 13

vasoconstriction, increased vessel permeability, bronchoconstriction

Front 14

Bradykinin:

Back 14

Source: product of kinin system activation by activated factor XII. Functions: vasodilation, increased vessel permeability, pain, bronchoconstriction

Front 15

IL-1 (Cytokines):

Back 15

Function: initiate PGE2 synthesis in anterior hypothalamus leading to production of fever, activate endothelial cell adhesion molecules, increase liver synthesis of acute-phase reactants, increase release of neutrophilis from bone marrow

Front 16

Histamine:

Back 16

Source: Mast cells (primary cell), platelets, enterochromaffin cells. Function: Vasodilation, increased vessel permeability.

Front 17

Nitric Oxide (NO):

Back 17

Source: Macrophages, endothelial cells, Free radical gas released during conversion of arginine to citrulline by NO synthase. Function: Vasodilation, bactericidal, big in shock.

Front 18

Serotonin:

Back 18

Source: Mast cells, platelets (AA Tryptophan precursor). Functions: Vasodilation, increased vessel permeability.

Front 19

Fibronectin:

Back 19

key adhesion glycoprotein in ECM, Chemotactic factor attracts fibroblasts and endoth cells

Front 20

Angiogenesis:

Back 20

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) are important in Angiogenesis

Front 21

Cell types in a granuloma:

Back 21

macrophages and CD4 helper T cells

Front 22

Epithelioid cells:

Back 22

macrophages activated by y-interferon from CD4 TH cells (pg 32).

Front 23

Growth Factors in tissue repair:

Back 23

Vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF), Basic fibroblast growth factor (BFGF), Epidermal Growth factor (EGF), Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)

Front 24

Vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF):

Back 24

Stimulates angiogenesis

Front 25

Basic fibroblast growth factor (BFGF):

Back 25

Stimulates angiogenesis

Front 26

Epidermal growth factor (EGF):

Back 26

Stimulates keratinocyte migration, Stimulates granulation tissue formation

Front 27

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF):

Back 27

Stimulates proliferation of smooth muscle, fibroblasts, endothelial cells.

Front 28

Hormones involved in tissue repair:

Back 28

Insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1)

Front 29

Insulin Growth factor-1 (IGF-1):

Back 29

Stimulates synthesis of collagen, Promotes keratinocyte migration

Front 30

Genes controlling G1 to S phase:

Back 30

RB and TP53 suppressor genes

Front 31

BAX gene:

Back 31

activation by TP53 initiates apoptosis

Front 32

Laminin:

Back 32

key adhesion glycoprotein in basement membrane

Front 33

Lysyl oxidase:

Back 33

Cross-links a-chains; cofactor, vit. C and Cu are cofactors

Front 34

EDS:

Back 34

defects in type I and III collagen

Front 35

Zinc:

Back 35

cofactor in collagenase

Front 36

Glucocorticoids:

Back 36

prevent scar formation

Front 37

Keloids:

Back 37

excess type III collagen, converts to type I (cell turnover) leads to squamos cell carcinoma

Front 38

Brain injury:

Back 38

proliferation of astrocytes and microglial cells

Front 39

Corticosteroid effect in blood:

Back 39

increase neutrophils; decrease lymphocytes and eosinophils

Front 40

Increase ESR:

Back 40

increase fibrinogen, anemia

Front 41

CRP:

Back 41

marker of necrosis and disease activity

Front 42

Polyclonal gammopathy:

Back 42

sign of chronic inflammation; increase IgG