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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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RBC development:
Proerythroblast --> Basophillic erythroblast --> 3 more cells. - Which cell is released into the blood stream? How are they used as a marker? |
Polychromatophillic erythroblast --> Normoblast --> Reticulocyte
Reticulocytes are released into the blood where they spend 48hrs maturing. If there is more than 2% in the blood = accelerate erythropoiesis! |
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Describe the role and life span of neutrophils
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Phagocytose foreign microorganisms. Stored in huge quantities in the bone marrow = a reservoir so body can rapidly raise levels when it needs to.
Spend 1 day in circulation and 1-4 in connective tissue |
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What is the structure and 3 functions of an eosinophil?
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++ granules, bilobed nucleus.
- phagocytoses - secrete "major basic protein" to kill parasites - secrete inflammatory factors such as histaminase |
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What is the structure and function of basophils? (1 thing for each)
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Membrane contains IgE - binds antigens
- granules contain same mediators of inflammation as mast cells thus it augments the effects of mast cells |
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What are the 2 main functions of a monocyte?
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1. Leaves the circulation and becomes a tissue - specific phagocytizer (kupfer cells, langerhans cells, dendritic, etc)
2. Antigen presenting cells for T lymphocytes |
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What are 2 unique xtics of lymphocytes?
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1. only leukocyte that can leave and re-enter the circulation
2. only leukocyte that retains the ability to proliferate when stimulated (become memory or effector cells) |
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What is the function of B lymphocytes?
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If antigen binds their antibody - will proliferate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies and memory cells.
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What is the function of a T-helper cell?
What is it's receptor? |
Contains the CD4+ antigen. When an antigen is presented to them they will secrete cytokines to stimulate/augment the response of other lymphocytes
** B cells cannot fully respond to an antigen w/o the T-helper recognizing the same antigen! |
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What is the function of a Cytotoxic T cell and what is it's receptor?
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CD8 - don't wait, eliminate!
If they encouter an antigen in the membrane of a cell they kill that cell. |
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What is the function of MHC II? MHC I
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When an antigen is presented in association with MHC II this will activate T helper cells
MHC I is the ID card of the body - cytotoxic T cells will kill cells that don't display it! (as well as MHC I + antigen!) |
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What do Natural Killer cells do?
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They attack and destroy virus infected cells and some transformed cells without the need of antigen presentation.
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What is a megakaryocyte, where are they found and what do they do?
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- platelet precursor cells found in the bone marrow, that extend into the sinuses and shed platelets directly into the sinus by fragmentation
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Where do B and T cells each develop immunocompetence (what does this mean)?
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Immunocompetence = antigen specificity.
B - in the bone marrow T - in the thymus |
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Where in the thymus, would you find epithelial reticular cells?
What are their 2 functions? |
Reticular endothelial cells line the capsule, cover the trabeculae and the capillaries. (when covering the septae and vessels they are connected to each other with tight junctions).
- they create a thymus-blood-barrier, required for Ag-independant development of lymphocytes - secrete growth factors that stimulate proliferation and differentiation |
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In a lymph node what do Mphages and dendritic cells do?
What are contained in each of the following layers: Cortex Coticomedullary junction Medulla How do lymphocytes get into nodes? |
Dendritic = carry Ag to the nodes in the afferent lymph
Mphages = capture and present Ag entering the node in the afferent lymph Cortex -- nodules, mainly B lymphocytes Corticomedullary -- T cells Medulla -- lymphocytes, plasma cells Lcytes recognize cubdoidal epithelium of post-cap venules - move into node. Leave node in efferent lymph. |
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What is a Barr body?
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Females have 2 X chromosomes, one is not required, so one becomes inactive = Barr body.
Shows up as a dark mass of heterochromatin adhering to the nuclear membrane. |
