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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Agricultural advances
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heavier plow
collar harness not ox yoke b/c horses faster but more expensive crop rotation |
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more food caused
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expansion of trade
pop. growth growth of towns artisans creative thought |
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migration
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nobles & freeholders moved to new areas & claered forests & drained swamps
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trade routes
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sea & river
reapired roman roads |
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Flanders
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N France & S Belgium
textile prodution center of trade on N Euro coast |
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Hanseatic league
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towns along Baltic
controlled E Euro & N Atlantic trade |
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Trade fairs
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feudal lords: fees on merchants, taxes on goods, protected merchants
Champagne: most famouse, almost exact center of W Euro, entertainment |
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money economy
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barter system - impractical
economy based on money |
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money changers
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mainly Jews or Italians
1st bankers excahngedd money & determined value of currencies prcedures for deposites, loans, & transfering funds over distance |
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name of bank
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banca = bench - sat on @ fairs
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feudal lords economic trouble
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dependent on banks to pay expenses
raised taxes, sold lands, demanded money instead of feudal services serfs bought freedom -> feudalism declined |
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walled towns
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b/c bandits
@ 1st wood then stone |
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inside towns
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narrow, winding streets
noisy, smelly wood & thatch - fire hazard shopes lined street - owners lived above no sanitation |
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no sanitation
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garbage & sewage
epidenics worst - black death |
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merchant guilds
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maintain monopoly of local market
restricted trade by foreigners uniform pricing |
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craft guilds
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regulated prices, wages, employment
standards of quality no competition |
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to be master
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apprentice - worked w/out pay
journeyman - paid but had to work under master submit masterpiece - reviewed by guild had own shop |
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guild benefits
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medical help
unemployment relief sponsored social & religious events |
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name of town
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burg
People: Germany: burghers France: bourgeoisie England: bugesses @ 1st - someone living in a town than - someone who made money from money economy |
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more political power of towns
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town councils
kings depended on for loans important officials became kings advisors |
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conflict between berghers & feudal lords
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towns didn't fit in feudalism
rented taxes & service wanted own courts & laws feudals enforced stuff strictly towns had money to defeat feudals |
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communes
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groups in Italian towns
ended power of feudal lords made Italian towns independent city-states |
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charters
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gave right to control own affairs
all citizens freemen citizens free of labor services paid taxes in money no lored could seize property (some towns satyed feudal) |
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education before
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controled by clergy
monastic or cathedral schools only educated boys if going into church educating laymen dangerous |
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universities started b/c
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towns need officials
courts needed lawyers students & teachers met outside of monasteries |
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universities
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guild of scholars
books scarse - teachers read texts & disgussed while students took notes classes met regualrly rules for obligation between students & teachers to be teacher - student pass exams to get degree as violent as times |
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new learning controversy
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church thought threateded chritian teaching
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scholastcism
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reason ininterpreting chritian doctrine
reconcile church & philosophy all knowledge can but put together in a whole |
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Peter Abelard
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Scholastc
taught thoelogy in Paris book - Sic et Non (Yes & No) curch officals disaprooved condemed for heresy hid @ Cluny |
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Thomas Aquinias
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Dominican friar
Summa Theologica - encyclopedia of christian theology reason = God's gift so couldn't be in conflict cathic church accepted & promoted |
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Beowulf
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anglo-saxon epic
handed down by oral tradition written by unknown poet Grendel |
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chansons de geste
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"songs of high deeds"
french epics courage of feudal warriors ex: Song of Roland - (Charlemange & Tours) |
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troubadours
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French
traveling poet-musicions love & feats of knights help difine ideal of chivalric knight |
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Hildegard of Bingen
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German abess
known for spiritual wisdom wrote about religion, science, medicine composed music |
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Herrad of Landsberg
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abbess
assisted by nuns "Garden of Delights" - encyclopedia of world history |
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Christine de Pisan
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french nobewoman
wrote love poems |
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language of everyday speech
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vernaculer
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Dante Aligheri
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"The Devine Comedy"
Italian trilogy gourny - hell -> pergatory -> heaven famouse people - where met them - commented on them |
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Geoffrey Chaucer
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English
"The Canterbury Tales" satire pilgrims on journey to Thomas Becket's shrine in Canterbury |
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romanesque style
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thick walls
close-set collumns heavy, curved arches small windows |
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Gothic stlyle
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flying butresses - took wight of ceiling, allowed walls to be thinner, space for stained glass windows
pointed arches of narrow stone ribs off tall pillars - higher ceilings & more open interiors |
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How Hunderd Yrs War started
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England wanted Normandy
France wanted to unite all lands war broke out when Edward III claimed french throne |
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Joan of Arc
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Jeanne D'Arc
from Domremy 17-yr-old illiterate village girl walked thru enemy lines to convinced french king Charles VII to let her lead army said saints were talking to her - Margaret & Catherine inspired victory of Orleans (siege) "The Maid" captured by Burgundians -> given to English -> given to Church no help from Charles tried & burned for heretic & witch courege inspired french to drive English out trial after death - said innocent made saint |
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Burgundy
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prosperous area
ruled by Charles the Bold - wanted to make independent Louis wanted - didn't fight for openly incoureged quarrels between burgundy & neighboring swiss Charled died in battle w/ swiss burgudy divided between Charles' daughter & french king |
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Italin merchant cities
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in Venice, Genoa, Pisa
ships |
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palgue symptoms
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swelling in joints
feaver chills sores |
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plague carried by
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fleas on rats
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plague from
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C Asia
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what people thought caused the plague
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popular - scourge from god
learned - alignment of the planets |
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medical measures against plague
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French - don't eat meat, exercize, bathe
Italian - think good thoughts many thought came by air (b/c towns smelled) - ferfume, curch bells(diterb air) moved away from infected towns |
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why people thought would go to hell if died during plague
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priests dead - no confession of last rights
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Pope Clement VI & Avinon
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blessed river so could sink corpses in - not enough room or time to bury
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scapegoat for plague
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Jews - massacred & driven from homes
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Flagelants
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during Plague
cleanse from sin wanderd from town to town wipping selves condemed by Pope Clement VI attention & mass hysteria Killed Jews attacked clergy who opposed |
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clergy reation to plague
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some diserted
some exploited some were heroic |
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Art of Black Death
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Danse Macabre - skeletons in everyday life
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Economic affects of Plague
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pop. fell
trade declined prices rose farmland abandoned workers scrce -> better wages nobes resedted demands for better wages -> peasant reevolt end of manorialsm |
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Dogma
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official church answers to all Qs
Galileo - condemed to death as heretic |
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Giovanni Bocaccio
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The Decameran
"10 days" black death in Florence people fled to villa told stories |
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causes of Hundred Yrs War
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# Charles IV died w/out heir
Edward III climed French throne b/c was grandson of Philip IV French close to Philip VI - edward refused to pay homage to # Edward seizes Aquitaine & Gascony # both wanted control of Flanders count of Flanders French vassel weavers made money w/ England |
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Crecy
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Edward I & son Black Prince (E)
Philip VI (F) English out #ed - French believed were invincible Genovese crossbowmen (F) English longbow - infantry - French never faced (F) chivaric archers aimed fro horses - fell & blocked way, kights vulnerable if dismounted English men-@-arms finished it w/ longknives 1st portable firearms |
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Poitiers
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captured French king John - ransomed
french gave up Aquitaine |
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Agincourt
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Henry V (E)
E out#ed archers won end of chivalric warfare |
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Treaty before Joan of Arc
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Henry V inherit throen after Charles VI died
Charles - weak, crazy disiherited Charles VII - dauphin |
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effects of HYW
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England - Parliament more powerful
France - land devisated, confidant, monarch more powerful Both - Nationalism, Revolutionized warfare, decline of feudalism |
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War of the Roses
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Lancaster - red
York - white Henry Tudor (Lancaster) becam Henry VII begining of Tudoe dynasty |
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Great Schism
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Pope Boniface VIII of Italy tried to exert authority over Philip IV
Philip persuaded college of cardinals to elect fench Pope -> Clement IV - went to Avinon - babylonian captivity criticized b/c lived like king - weakened church Gregory XI died whil in Rome - mob wanted itlain Pope - Urban VI frnch objectd - other pope Council of Lonstance - all resigned & new pope |
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simony
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selling of church positions
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John Wycliffe
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jesus not pope head of church
translated buble offended by worldliness influential |
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Jan Hus
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U of Prague
translated bible into slavic language excamuinicated burned @ stake for heretic Hussites |
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Hussites
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rebelled
crusades against church forced to give rights in return for loyalty |
