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154 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Most people in Byz. were
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greek
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Const. near centers of
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early Christianity & trade
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Const. on what strait
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Bosporus
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Bosporus connects
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Sea of marmara & black sea
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protechtion of Const.
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water on 3 sides, triple walls, chain accross harbor
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why Byz. called "New Rome"
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- thought as heir to rome's power & traditions
- Emperors & wealthy families roman & spoke latin |
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Greek influence in Byz.
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most part of greece
people spoke greek & stressed Greek heritage later - emperors & officials spoke Greek religious sholars use greek |
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hight of Byz emperor during rule of
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Justinian
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Justinian was from
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Macedonia
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How justinian came to Const
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when young man came to help uncle Justin I
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Justinian's personality
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hard working & enthus. for knowledge
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Jusitnian's wife
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Theodora
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Theodora was (description)
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beautiful, intelegent, ambitious
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objections to theodora
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was an actriss - profession in low esteem
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Theodora active in gov
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rewarded friends w/ positions & used dismissal to punish enimies
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Theodra & women's rights
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persuaded Justinian to make decree - wife had right to own land equal to what brought to marriage
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Theodra & women's rights
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persuaded Justinian to make decree - wife had right to own land equal to what brought to marriage
gave widowa income to support children |
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Theodra & women's rights
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persuaded Justinian to make decree - wife had right to own land equal to what brought to marriage
gave widow income to support children |
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how theodora saved throne
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Nica rebellion - advisors wanted J to flee - T persuaded to stay - crushed rebellion - ruled w/out challenge
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Justinian & persians
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threatened to conquer E provinces - threw back - J pay tribute for peace
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Justinian military legacy
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reconquered roman lands
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Justinian's general
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Belisarius
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cost of justinian's reconquests
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exauseted resources -> couldn't defend against Persians
didn't last |
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Justinian's code - commision was
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10 scholars w/ legal expert (Tribonian)
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justinian code was basis for
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most european legal systems
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Hagia Sophia means
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"holy wisdom"
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Hagia Sophia is in
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Const.
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connection - church & state - const
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emperor - God's rep on Earth
emperor & emprees crownd by patriarch " took oath to defend Christianity emperors: - appointed church officials - defined style of worship - used wealth of church for gov. |
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justinian & church
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strengthened control of church
interviended in church disputes tried to unify empir under 1 belief lead to persecutin of of jews and other christians |
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church officials are
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clergy
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church members not clergy
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laity
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religious images
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icons
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John of Damascus
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Byz. theologan - wrote article defending icons
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Iconoclast means
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image breaker
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objections to icons
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prohibited in 10 commandments
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defence of icons
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aided worship - helped focus thoughts
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who ordered all icons removed form churches
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Leo III
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church leaders resisted/supported icons
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resisted
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icon supported by
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the pope
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council that approved icons
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@ Nicaea
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empress that allowed icons
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Irene
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final decision on icons
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had to be 2D
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biggest issue that lead to scism
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pope & patriarch both claimed supreme authority
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how lombard invasion affected church
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Byz. emperor didn't protect pope - turned to Fraks - made Frankish leader (Charlemange) emperor
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Frankish leader
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Charlemange
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Marriage in Byz
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divorce difficult
Church genneraly forbade remarriage |
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women in Byz
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partly secluded but some were well edu. & influential
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Byz economy based on
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agricultre
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major Byz industry
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silk weaving
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how Byz got silkworms
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monks stole them ad hid them in hollow bamboo
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subjects of most Byz art
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religious
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3 Byz art forms
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icons
mosaic illuminated manuscript |
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illuminated manuscript is
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decorated books w/ fancy lettering & pictures in the margins
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gov. supported Byz U
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U of Const.
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U of Const.
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trained scholars & lawyers for gov.
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lower edu.
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some tutors - especially daughters b/c couldn't go to academies
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Byz. lit
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religious & copy writingd of greeks & romans -> helped spread knowledge
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monesteries started in
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Byz.
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monasteries did
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helped poor
ran hospitals sent missionaries |
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most sucesful missionaries
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bros Cyril & Methodius
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Cyrillic
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Cyril & Methodius made alphabet to convert slavic people
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affect of Byz reduced to only greek lands
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unified empire - 1 language & religion
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Byz & Venice
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after Justininan died - agreed to help Byz regain lands in return fro trading privliges - failed - Byz. lost control of trade - weakened economy
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who defeated byz @ battle of manzikert
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Seljuk Turks - Islamic from C asia
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battle where Byz defeated by Seljuk Turks
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Manzikert
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after battel of Manzikert
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Byz. emperor asked pope to help defend christianity - expiditions more interensted in taking over Palestine
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after 4th crusade
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Latin Empire in Const. -> disrupted trade
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big plane in Russia
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steppe
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Russian soil
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rich, black
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russian climate & effect
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harsh -> farming hard, crop failiers common
little rain, to far inland for ocean breezes buried in snow in winter |
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E slav early villages
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of related families; clans
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E slavs - clear land
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burned forests - scattered ash on soil -> fertile
Steppe - "sea of flame" |
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slavic houses
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knothced logs - no nails, many w/ decorated wood gables & window frames
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R influenced slavs
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used for transport & trade -> trading towns along banks - route from Balitc(N) - Black(S) seas
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Vikings were
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warriers & traders from scandinavia
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Primary Chronicle
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collection of E slavic history & tales
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Slavs & vikings
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people of novgorod asked viking for protection
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viking leader
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Rurik
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who conquered Kiev
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Prince Oleg - Rurick's succesor
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why Kiev prospered
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trade on Dnieper
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how Kiev gained power
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Oleg conqueren other towns on Dnieper
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Region of slavic territories called
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Kievan Rus
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rulars of Kiev
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Grand Princes
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treaty - Kiev & Const.
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Kiev wsa raiding Const. - ended w/ treaty - established trade
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trritories ruled by princes
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principalities
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Kievan taxes
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other princes paid taxes to Grand prince in Kiev - support court & army
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duties of princes
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administer justice
defend frontier |
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assisted princes
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council of boyars
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wealthy landowners in Russia
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boyars
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russian assemblies
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rep all free male citizens
handled daily affairs power to accept or remove princes |
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power in NE
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prince
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SE power
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boyars
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Novgorod & few N power
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Assemblies
close to rep gov later princes limited power |
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Early Russian religion
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nature spirits & ancestors
polytheistc images of deities on high ground outside villages |
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1st russin noble to convert to christianity
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Olga
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Vladimir was Olga's...
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grandson
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rular that converted russinas to christianity
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Vladimir I
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mass baptism
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Vladimir I - in Dnieper
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effects of conversion to christinity
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brought Byz culture to Kievan Rus
Art - icons/mosaics/illuminated manuscripts Cyrillic domes monasteries church split - separated from W |
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Vladimir military
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skilled warrior
defended E frontier expanded W borders |
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Yaroslav is Vladimir's...
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son
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Kievan cultuere height @
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rule of Yaroslav
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who established 1st library in Kiev
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Yaroslav
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Yaroslav's legal system
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drew from Justinian's code
mainly for merchants & princes crimes againts property same as against people |
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Yaroslav diplomacy
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arranged for daughters & sisters to marry kings
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Decline of Kiev started after
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yaroslav's death - divided lands among sons
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Decline of Kiev
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latin christians in Const. -> weakened economy
Mongold capture Kiev & destroyed |
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Mongols called ______ by slavs
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Tatars
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Mongol rule
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taxed
didn't impose culture requiered service in army & loyalty |
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affects of Mongol rule
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isolated form W
helped unify less women's rights more Autocratic |
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Novgorod attacked
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by Swedes
from baltic wanted to convert to R Cath. |
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Alexander Nevsky
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prince of Novgorod
battle of Neva R "of the Neva" national hero & St. |
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Daniel
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Alexander Nevsky's son - rular of Moscow when small prosperous town
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laeder of R Ortho
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Metropolitan
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Metropolitan moved to
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moscow
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Ivan I's nickname
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"money bags"
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whey Mongols never went to Novgorod
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spring thaw -> mud
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Ivan I
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cooperated w/ mongols
put down rebellion tax collector defeated mongols |
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Ivan I defeated Mongols @ battle of
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Kulikovo
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battle of Kulikovo
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Ivan I defeated Mongols
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Ivan the great
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Ivan I
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Ivan III
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refused to pay tribute
brought many principlaities under rule Novgorod controled all territories E of Ural Mts. |
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3rd Rome
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Moscow
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Tsar
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Ivan III marries Sophia - daughter of last Byz. emperor - took tilte Tsar "Ceasar"
& adopted 2 headed eagle |
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R Ortho chrch said Ivan III
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sucessor to byz emperor - all other Tsars said too
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Moscow's cultre influenced by
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R Ortho
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Kremlin
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Fortress in Kiev (?)
onion domes still center of culture & gov. |
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Cost. Harbor
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GOlden Horn
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Const. built in image of
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Rome
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chariot races in Const.
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Hippodrome
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ooficial court historian
justinian's court |
Preocopiuos
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secret history
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procopious
after justinian's death |
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chariot races in Const.
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Hippodrome
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Justinian tech
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rising throne
mechanical roaring lions clockwork birds |
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Justinian built
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baths & aquaducts
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Belisarius supported by
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theodora
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belisaris' background
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peasant
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Plague
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procopius wittnessed
justinian got - servived - theodora ran empire |
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Difs in chrches
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R Cath
Latin pope pope over Emperor bishops can't marry no divoce E Ortho Greek patriarch emperor over pope bishops can marry |
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famous mosaics
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San Vitale in Ravena - Justinian & thoedora
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arches filles w/ masonry
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pendantives
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after a church hagia sophia was
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a mosque
museum & chuch |
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Mother & child icon
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Thotokos
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3 hinged alter piece
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Triptych
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Byz. social
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hierarchy
patriarchy |
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Corpus Juris Civilis
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justinians code
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Military inovations of Byz
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Greek fire
textsbooks & academies new protective armor javalin chain accrossed harbor |
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4th crusade
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agreed to sck const. fro Vewnitian merchants - brutal - excamunicayted by pope Innocent III - Litn empire
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3 main Russian rivers
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Dnieper
Don Volga |
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inspection of religions
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Vladimir
Islam - impressed but no alcohaul or pork Jews - thought lacked politcal power R. Cath - germa services didn't impress only impressed w/ Hagia Sophia |
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leader of Mongols
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Ghenghiz Khan - ruthless cruelty
"world emperor" |
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Batu khan
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genghis' grandson
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Mongol army called
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Golden Horde
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why const. New Rome
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moddled after
emperors & nobilty Roman called roman Hippodrome, baths, aquaducts stratiegic loacle & center of trade |