Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Bacillus
|
Bacillus:
- non-pathogenic except anthracis - environment: soil - G+, large, spore-forming rods - rods: chains, threads - colonies: ground glass surface and irregular edges |
|
Bacillus cereus
|
Bacillus cereus:
- colonies: large, hemolytic, flat, irregular edges - long threads |
|
Bacilis subtilis
|
Bacillus subtilis:
- colonies: rough, irregular on BA - non-pathogen, contaminant |
|
Bacillus anthracis gen
|
Bacillus anthracis:
- long G+ rods - capsulated, unlike other Bacilli |
|
Bacillus anthracis: dz
|
Bacillus anthracis dz:
1. septicemia 2. exudation of tarry blood from rectum 3. edematous swelling of neck, throat 4. dyspnea 5. high fever 6. death 7. cutaneous lesions |
|
Bacillus anthracis: susceptibility
|
Bacillus anthracis susceptibility:
1. R: ++++ 2. Humans: +++ 3. Horses: ++(+) 4. Pigs: ++ - Birds NOT susceptible |
|
Bacillus anthracis: virulence factors
|
Bacillus anthracis virulence factors:
1. capsule: anti-phagocytic 2. tripartite toxin: a. edema factor b. protective Ag c. lethal factor - all 3 factors required for full activity: edema, extensive necrosis, damage of blood clotting, etc. |
|
Anthrax germination in enterocytes
|
Anthrax germination in enterocytes:
(pathogenesis) 1. local edema, necrosis 2. spore formation 3. phagocytosis, germination of spores 4. regional lymph node 5. hemorrhagic lymphadenitis |
|
Anthrax invasion of spleen
|
Anthrax invasion of spleen:
(pathogenesis) 1. bacteremia (capsule antiphagocytic) 2. toxemia 3. tripartite toxin increases capillary permeability 4. fluid leak 5. fall in BP, blood clotting damage 6. hemorrhages, death |
|
Anthrax: wildlife
|
Anthrax wildlife:
- outbreaks in Africa - tarry blood from rectum, epistaxis - 1987 Luangua Valley river, Zambia: >500 hippos dead |
|
Anthrax: wildlife spread
|
Anthrax wildlife spread:
1. spores in soil germinate in organic mater after flooding 2. vultures, flies and carnivorous animals in anthrax endemic areas spread infection 3. water can also be reservoir 4. humans: contract from skin abrasions when contact infected animals, hides |
|
Bacillus anthracis pathogenesis
|
Bacillus anthracis pathogenesis:
1. ingestion 2. multiplication in throat, local ln 3. invasion of blood, spleen 4. tripartitie toxin 5. BP drop, shock, damaged blood clotting 6. hemorrhages 7. exudation of tarry blood from body orifices 8. death |
|
anthrax dx
|
anthrax dx:
1. blood smears from ear (cattle): - heat fix, methylene blue stain - large capsulated rods 2. no postmortem on suspected anthrax 3. culture: proper biocontainment |
|
anthrax control, prevention
|
anthrax control, prevention:
1. report to authorities 2. carcasses: bury deep in Ca oxide (lime) or incinerate 3. disinfection: 10% formalin for 10 min 4. vaccs: at risk animals 5. humans: cipro, pen |
|
anthrax control in wildlife
|
anthrax control in wildlife:
1. burn contaminated fecal matter, vegetation 2. close infected waterholes 3. proper disposal of carcasses 4. keep away vulture, coyotes 5. remove healthy animals from area |