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15 Cards in this Set

  • Front
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Bacillus
Bacillus:
- non-pathogenic except anthracis
- environment: soil
- G+, large, spore-forming rods
- rods: chains, threads
- colonies: ground glass surface and irregular edges
Bacillus cereus
Bacillus cereus:
- colonies: large, hemolytic, flat, irregular edges
- long threads
Bacilis subtilis
Bacillus subtilis:
- colonies: rough, irregular on BA
- non-pathogen, contaminant
Bacillus anthracis gen
Bacillus anthracis:
- long G+ rods
- capsulated, unlike other Bacilli
Bacillus anthracis: dz
Bacillus anthracis dz:
1. septicemia
2. exudation of tarry blood from rectum
3. edematous swelling of neck, throat
4. dyspnea
5. high fever
6. death
7. cutaneous lesions
Bacillus anthracis: susceptibility
Bacillus anthracis susceptibility:
1. R: ++++
2. Humans: +++
3. Horses: ++(+)
4. Pigs: ++
- Birds NOT susceptible
Bacillus anthracis: virulence factors
Bacillus anthracis virulence factors:
1. capsule: anti-phagocytic
2. tripartite toxin:
a. edema factor
b. protective Ag
c. lethal factor
- all 3 factors required for full activity: edema, extensive necrosis, damage of blood clotting, etc.
Anthrax germination in enterocytes
Anthrax germination in enterocytes:
(pathogenesis)
1. local edema, necrosis
2. spore formation
3. phagocytosis, germination of spores
4. regional lymph node
5. hemorrhagic lymphadenitis
Anthrax invasion of spleen
Anthrax invasion of spleen:
(pathogenesis)
1. bacteremia (capsule antiphagocytic)
2. toxemia
3. tripartite toxin increases capillary permeability
4. fluid leak
5. fall in BP, blood clotting damage
6. hemorrhages, death
Anthrax: wildlife
Anthrax wildlife:
- outbreaks in Africa
- tarry blood from rectum, epistaxis
- 1987 Luangua Valley river, Zambia: >500 hippos dead
Anthrax: wildlife spread
Anthrax wildlife spread:
1. spores in soil germinate in organic mater after flooding
2. vultures, flies and carnivorous animals in anthrax endemic areas spread infection
3. water can also be reservoir
4. humans: contract from skin abrasions when contact infected animals, hides
Bacillus anthracis pathogenesis
Bacillus anthracis pathogenesis:
1. ingestion
2. multiplication in throat, local ln
3. invasion of blood, spleen
4. tripartitie toxin
5. BP drop, shock, damaged blood clotting
6. hemorrhages
7. exudation of tarry blood from body orifices
8. death
anthrax dx
anthrax dx:
1. blood smears from ear (cattle):
- heat fix, methylene blue stain
- large capsulated rods
2. no postmortem on suspected anthrax
3. culture: proper biocontainment
anthrax control, prevention
anthrax control, prevention:
1. report to authorities
2. carcasses: bury deep in Ca oxide (lime) or incinerate
3. disinfection: 10% formalin for 10 min
4. vaccs: at risk animals
5. humans: cipro, pen
anthrax control in wildlife
anthrax control in wildlife:
1. burn contaminated fecal matter, vegetation
2. close infected waterholes
3. proper disposal of carcasses
4. keep away vulture, coyotes
5. remove healthy animals from area