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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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skin
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skin:
- thicker than ungulates, dogs - SQ: firmer, less mobile, may accumulate fat (eg panniculus adiposus as in pigs) |
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skin breed/ spp diff
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skin breed/ spp diff:
- crest of stallions: SQ fat deposits - hump of zebu (Bos indicus) breeds of cattle - tails of fat tailed sheep |
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wattles/ tassels
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wattles/ tassels (appendices colli):
- elongated, narrow (~15cm long) cartilage bar-containing skin deriv - project vertically, ca to angle of jaw - goat, rarely sheep and pig - el |
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cutaneous sinuses/ pouches:
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cutaneous sinuses/ pouches:
- sheep - diverticula or out-pocketing of skin, glands in walls 1. infraorbital 2. inguinal 3. interdigital |
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infraorbital sinuses
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infraorbital sinuses:
- sheep - ro to eyes, waxy, straw-colored secretion |
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inguinal sinus
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inguinal sinus:
- sheep - either side of scrotum or mammary gland - shallow - secretions stain hair, skin of area |
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interdigital sinus
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interdigital sinus:
- sheep, all four limbs - curved tube ~ prox interphalangeal jt - wavy, colorless secretions: used to mark territory |
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ox diaphragmatic line of pleural reflection
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ox diaphragmatic line of pleural reflection:
- curvature from 7-8 costochondral jxn to mid 11th rib, then angle of last rib - relatively far from costal arch: pleural cavity is in contact with a much restricted part of ca thoracic wall |
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sheep diaphragmatic line of pleural reflection
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sheep diaphragmatic line of pleural reflection:
- gently curves from 9th costochondral jxn to mid last rib then to cr border of transverse process L1 |
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goat diaphragmatic line of pleural reflection
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goat diaphragmatic line of pleural reflection:
- gentle curve from 6th costochondral jxn to ventral border of last rib |
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mediastinum
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mediastinum:
1. ox, goat: pleura thick, intact - supported by submesothelial CT 2. sheep: occasional opening |
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cranial mediastinum
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cranial mediastinum:
- pushed against L thoracic wall by large cr part of cr lobe of R lung - mediastinal recess: diverticulum of R pleural cavity |
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cupula pleurae
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cupula pleurae:
- cr limit of pleural sacs - only R sac extends beyond 1st rib: ~ 60-70mm |
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thoracocentesis
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thoracocentesis:
- lowest safe point in standing 1. costomediastinal recess: ca to pericardium, cr to diaphragmatic line of pleural reflection 2. middle ICS 6/7 (horse 7, dog 7/8): prox to costochondral jxn or ~5cm d to level of olecranon |
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R lung
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R lung:
- lobation, trachea, bronchi - cr (cr and ca), middle, ca and acc lobe - tracheal bronchus: R cr lobe, predisp to infection, inhalation pneumonia |
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lobulation of lung
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lobulation of lung:
1. ox: clearly defined by thick CT 2. small R: small, poorly defined lobules |
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shape of lung
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shape of lung:
1. ox: basal edge straight, from 6th costochondral jxn to v border of epaxial mm in ICS 11 - clincal lung field small 2. sheep, pig: basal edge ascends more gently ca, from 6th costochondral jxn to angle of rib 11CAA |
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cardiac notches/ incisures
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cardiac notches/ incisures:
- L: ICS 3-5 - R: ICS 3-4 |
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lung field
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lung field:
- cr and ca: percussion, auscultation 1. cr: cr. to TL in first 3 ICS, lesser significance 2. ca: tricipital line cr, epaxial mm d 3. basal border: 3-4 cm above actual border of lung which is too thin and straight |
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azygos v
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azygous v:
- drains cr lumbar area and thoracic wall by means of lumbar vv and d intercostal vv, respectively - anastamose w/ venous network in vertebral canal and ca vena cava - valveless |
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L azygous v
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L azygous v:
- fully dev in R, pigs - descends 6th rib level into RA to opens into coronary sinus |
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R azygous v
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R azygous v:
- present fully occ in small R - ox, pig: small cr portion may dev partially - descends 6th rib level to open into terminal part of cr vena cava |
