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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is bradykinesia?
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Slowness of movement
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What is myoclonus?
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Brief twitching of muscles (like when falling asleep)
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What are the four clinical signs of Parkinson's Disease? How many are required for a diagnosis of PD? In addition to?
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Four cardinal signs of PD:
Rigidity Tremor at Rest Hypokinesia Gait, posture and balance dysfn need 3 out of 4 in addition to ABSENCE of atypical features |
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Relationship between cigaratte smoking and coffee consumption?
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Not smoking cigarettes increased risk of developing PD
As did not drinking enough coffee |
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What is required for the pathological diagnosis of PD?
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Lewy Body (filled with alpha-synuclein): halo-shaped body on histology
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How is dopamine transmission deteriorated in PD?
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Loss of DA secreting cells
Loss of DA synthesis/storage |
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What are the two main drug treatments of PD?
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L-DOPA: best tolerated, but lots of long term movement complications
DA agonists: almost as potent as L-DOPA, no long term side effects, but much more expensive than L-DOPA |
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What are the non-motor effects of dopamine deficits?
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Speech deficits, behavioral problems (dementia)
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What are the problems with drug treatment of PD?
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Dz continues to progress
Limited motor benefits Bhvrl side effects Long term motor side effects |
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What are the key features of Huntington's Disease?
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Dementia
Chorea Bhvrl Changes (depression, sociopathy, psychoses) |
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What is the genetic basis of HD?
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CAG triplet repeat excess:
age of onset inversely related to repeat# gray zone of repeat number polyglutamine excess 100% penetrant! (AutDom) |
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Why would patients on PD medication be confused for patients with HD?
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Excess DA makes them appear to have PD because produce choreaform movements
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What is the treatment for HD?
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Treat bhvrl aspects (depression, dementia)
OCCASIONALLY treat chorea (opposite of PD): can treat choreaform movmts at expense of balance |
