2-1: Anatomy - 1/24: Embryology Patterns

Front 1

Gill arches AKA?

Back 1

Branchial arches
Pharyngeal arches

Front 2

What cranial nerves did fish originally have?

Back 2

I (olfaction), II (vision), VIII (balance/hearing)

Front 3

Where were fish jaws derived from embryologically?

How is the jaw supported? Embryonic origin?

Back 3

Jaw derived from gill arch 1

Supported by hyoid-like bones derived from Arch 2

Front 4

Divide the cranium into three sections. What does each section contain?

Back 4

Neurocranium: brain (occipital, parietal, frontal, temporal bones)

Basicranium: Ethmoid (Olfactory), Sphenoid (Optic), Petrosal Temporal (Otic) ganglia

Viscerocranium: sphenoid, incus ,maxilla, malleus, hyoid, thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, styloid process

Viscerocranium

Front 5

Bones of calvaria grow via ___________

Back 5

intramembranous development (NCC important in forming; somitomeres too)

Front 6

Bones of basicranium grow via ___________

Back 6

endochondral bone development

Front 7

Neural Crest Cells contribute to which region of the cranium?

Back 7

Viscerocranial structures

Front 8

What could failure of ordered neural crest migration result in?

Back 8

Congenital defects:

NCC migration required for development of bones and connective tissue (Could have problem in the development of vessels!)

Front 9

What are somitomeres in relation to somites?

What role do somitomeres play in embryonic development?

Back 9

Somitomeres are premature somites (presomites)

Somitomeres (develop into somites?) and migrate to form muscles (extraocular, mm of mastication, stylopharyngeus, mm of pharynx)

Front 10

What specific embryonic layer are somites derived from?

Back 10

Paraxial mesoderm (form muscles)

Front 11

What is foramen cecum a remnant of?

Back 11

Remnant of thyroid diverticulum

Thyroid diverticulum migrates to form thyroid at same time tongue migrates upward

Front 12

Which aortic (pharyngeal) arch does the branchiocephalic trunk form from?

Back 12

4

Front 13

Which aortic (pharyngeal) arch does the aortic arch form from?

Back 13

4

Front 14

Which aortic (pharyngeal) arch does the common carotid form from?

Back 14

3

Front 15

Pharyngeal Arch 1:
Arch Skeleton
Cranial Nerve
Muscles
Pouch Derivatives

Back 15

1:

Arch skel: Mandible, maxilla, palatine, zygomatic, sphenoid (part), temporal (part), maleus, incus

CN V

Muscles: Mastication, jaw opening mm, ant digastric, mylohyoid, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini

Pouch derivs (LININGS): eustachian tube, ear canal, middle ear

Front 16

Pharyngeal Arch 2:
Arch Skeleton
Cranial Nerve
Muscles
Pouch Derivatives

Back 16

Arch Skel: Hyoid (part), stapes, styloid process

CN VII

Muscles: Facial expression, stapedius, stylohyoid, post digastric

Pouch Derivs (LINING): Palatine Tonsils

Front 17

Pharyngeal Arch 3:
Arch Skeleton
Cranial Nerve
Muscles
Pouch Derivatives

Back 17

Arch: Hyoid

CN IX

Muscles: Stylopharyngeus

Pouch derivs (LININGS): Thymus, parathyroid

Front 18

Pharyngeal Arches 4,6:
Arch Skeleton
Cranial Nerve
Muscles
Pouch Derivatives

Back 18

Arch Skel: Laryngeal Cartilages

CN X

Muscles: Pharyngeal constrictors, mm of larynx, cricothyroid, palatopharyngeus, palatoglossus

Pouch derivs (LINING): part of parathyroid

Front 19

What are the symptoms of DiGeorge Syndrome? How can each be symptom be explained embryoligically?

Back 19

DiGeorge Syndrome:

-Facial abnormalities: small jaw, cleft palate (arch 1 issue)

-Deficiencies or absence of thymus and parathyroid glands (no thymus-->no mature T cells; no parathyroid-->low calcium levels): arch 3 problem, maybe arch 4 too

-Cardiac abnormality (persistent truncus arteriosus) due to septation issue

ALL ORIGINATE from pharyngeal arches; problems in their migration!

Front 20

Back 20

Front 21

Back 21

Front 22

Back 22