Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Contents of osteo-cartilaginous cage:
|
1. Two pleural cavities
2. Mediastinum |
|
|
Contents of mediastinum:
|
Heart, great vessels, descending esophagus, trachea
|
|
|
Post border of thoracic cavity
|
12 thor. vertebrae and 12 IV dics
|
|
|
Lateral border and interior border of thoracic cavity
|
Lateral - ribs
Int - sternum |
|
|
Which ribs are true and why?
|
1-7 are true
b.c they attach to sternum itself via their costal cartilages |
|
|
Whats unique a/b the 1st rib?
|
- Shorter and broader than the other ribs
- fuses with sternum via a cartilaginous jt. |
|
|
Which ribs are false and why?
|
8-10
Cartilages fuse together and join with the 7th rib to articulate w/ inf. aspect of sternum |
|
|
Atypical Ribs and why?
|
1st rib - broad, short, sharply curved
2nd rib - thinner, less curved 10th-12th ribs - have only one facet on heads and 11th and 12th are short and have no necks or tubercles. |
|
|
4 primary parts of a typical rib and which ribs are typical?
|
head, neck, tubercle, body
-3rd - 9th |
|
|
3 parts of the sternum and what vertebrae they oppose:
|
Manubrium- T3-T4
Body - T5-T9 Zyphoid Process - T10 |
|
|
Angle b/w the body of the sternum and the manubrium
|
Sternal angle
|
|
|
The _____ of the sternum and the _______ form a _____, _______ joint
|
clavicular notch
clavicle synovial, saddle jt. |
|
|
The _______ abdominal contents are protected by the thoracic cage
|
superior most
|
|
|
Muscles that attach to the rib cage:
All of which are respiratory but _________ |
pec maj
pec min part of serr ant. lat dorsi scalene muscles - lat dorsi |
|
|
Post, Ant, And Lat Boundries of sup. aperture and its contents
|
Post - 1st thor. vertebrae,
Lat. - 1st pair of ribs and their costal cartilages, Ant. - sup. border of manubrium esophagus, vagus nerves, great vessels, trachea |
|
|
Boundries of inf. aperture and its contents
|
Post: T12
Postlat: Inf borders of 11th and 12th ribs Antlat: by the joined costal cartliages of 7-10 forming the costal margin Ant: xiphisternal jt. inferior vena cava, abdominal aorta, nerves, lymphatics |
|
|
In true ribs, what do the two facets on the head of the rib articulate with?
|
One art. w/ superiorly w/ the corresponding thor. vert. and the other art. with the vert. below
|
|
|
What is found b/w junction of the neck and body on the typical ribs? What are its two parts?
|
Tubercle
Articular (smooth) part - Art. w/ corresponding transverse process of that vert. Non-Articular Part (rough) - attachment of costo-transverse lig. (holds jt in place) |
|
|
Weakest part of the rib (most likely to fracture)
|
Just anterior to angle of rib
|
|
|
What lies in the costal groove of the rib?
|
Inercostal Vein, Artery, Nerve
|
|
|
Most sup. aspect of manubrium
|
Jugular notch
|
|
|
The first rib fuses with what two bones on the anterior forming what types of joints?
|
- clavicle, synovial
- manubrium of sternum, cartilaginous jt. |
|
|
The zyphoid process fuses with the _______ to form a ________ joint
|
body of sternum
cartilag. jt |
|
|
The articulation for costal cartilages are ____ joints
|
synovial
|
|
|
When we inhale we create a ______ pressure and air ______
|
negative
rushes in |
|
|
When we exhale we create a ______ pressure and air ______
|
positive
rushes out |
|
|
Attachment of the rib to the vertebral column is called a _______ jt. and is _______.
|
costotransverse
synovial |
|
|
When we inhale the ribs move _____ and ____
|
superiorly
laterally (whole thor. cage is expanded in all directions) |
|
|
Major muscle of respiration:
|
diaphragm
|
|
|
Origin of phrenic n.
|
C3,C4,C5 (4 and 5 principally)
|
|
|
Route of phrenic n.
|
Descends through neck into thor. cavity,travels along lat. aspect of pericardial sack, terminates on either side of diaphragm
|
|
|
# of intercostal muscles
|
11
|
|
|
External intercostal muscles run from the _____ margin of the rib above and the _____ margin of the rib below. They ______ the ribs
|
inferior
superior elevate |
|
|
Internal intercostals _____ the ribs except for the ____ which _______
|
depress (the rib above)
condyl part of the internal intercostal elevates the ribs (muscle of inspiration) |
|
|
Patients w/ COPD or emphysema use _____ muscles to assist in breathing
|
accessory
|
|
|
Disease where lungs become fibrotic and ptx use accessory muscles to breathe
|
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
|
|
|
The intercostal nerve innervates the ______ and gives off what two branches?
|
muscles of thoracic wall
-lat. cut. br. -ant. cut. br. |
|
|
2 sources of blood supply in thoracic cavity:
|
1. Thor. Aorta
2. Int. Thor. Artery |
|
|
The left post. intercostal artery comes off the _____ and passes immediately _____ then _______
|
aorta
posteriorly laterally |
|
|
The rt. post. intercostal a. passes over _____
|
the vertebral column
|
|
|
The internal thor. artery comes down the ant. part of thor, cage down the sternum to the diaphragm where it changes to the _____ a. along the diaphragm and the _____ a. that continues to course inferiorly
|
musculophrenic
epigastric |
|
|
The internal thoracic a. will have two branches come off which are _______ arteries
|
anterior intercostal
|
|
|
Post. intercostal aa's come from the ______ while ant. intercostal aa's come from the _______
|
thor. aorta
Internal Thoracic |
|
|
A condition called _________ would lead to large intercostal aa's and internal thoracic artery.
|
Coarctatation of aorta...uses intercostals to help deliver blood to the descending aorta since aorta is stenosed.
|
|
|
The azygos vein forms a collateral pathway b/w the ____ and _____ and drains blood from the ________.
|
SVC
IVC post. thorax and abdomen |
|
|
On the right side, intercostal veins combine to form the ________ vein
|
azygos
|
|
|
The right _______ intercostal veins join together to form the right superior intercostal vein.
|
2nd
3rd and 4th |
|
|
The _____ and _____ veins will drain into the SVC.
|
Azygos
Right sup. intercostal |
|
|
The left _______ intercostal veins join together to form the accessory hemiazygous
|
5th
6th 7th |
|
|
The left _______ intercostal veins join together to form the left sup. intercostal vein
|
2nd
3rd 4th |
|
|
The left superior intercostal vein drains into the ________
|
left brachiocephalic vein
|
|
|
Part of plaura that surrounds the lungs
|
visceral pleura
|
|
|
Fluid that lies in the pleural space
|
serous fluid
|
|
|
The function of the pleura is ________
|
to provide a smooth space for movement
|
|
|
The apex of each lung extends above _____
|
the first rib
|
|
|
During a thoracentesis, a needle is placed into the ______ intercostal space and fluid is aspirated
|
6th, 7th, or 8th
|
|
|
Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung can give rise to what syndrome if it compresses the cervical chain ganglion? Whats the classic triad?
|
Horners syndrome
1. Constricted pupil (miosis) 2. Partial Ptosis 3. Anhidrosis (loss of hemi-facial swelling) |
|
|
Costodiaphragmatic recess extends down from what intercostal spaces?
|
T6-T8
|
|
|
The Phrenic n. innervates the ____ and _______
|
diaphragm and central part diaphragmatic pleura
|
|
|
The innercostal nevres innervate what two parts of the pluera?
|
lateral costal pleura
lateral part of diaphragmatic pleura |
|
|
A ______ results when a significant amt. of fluid collects in the pleural cavity
|
pleural effusion
|
|
|
A ___ results when air is introduced into the pleural cavity
|
pneumothorax (usually iatrogenic)
|
|
|
An infection b.w parietal and visceral pleura
|
pleuracy
|
|
|
In pleuracy, the lungs _______ as they expand and is marked by _____
|
don't move smoothly
intense pain |
|
|
Blood in the pleural cavity
|
hemothorax
|
|
|
In bilateral pleural effusions one may do a thoracentesis to look for _____
|
malignant cells
|
