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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Amendment I |
Established the Legislative Branch of government |
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Amendment II |
Established the Executive Branch of government |
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Amendment III |
Established the Judicial Branch of government |
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Amendment IV |
Regulated the relations of individual states with each other |
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Amendment V |
Established a means for amending the Constitution |
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Amendment VI |
Established the Constitution as the Supreme Law for the Land |
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Amendment VII |
Established a procedure for ratifying the Constitution |
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Amendment VIII |
Prohibiting the federal government from imposing excessive bail, excessive fines, or cruel and unusual punishment |
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Amendment X |
The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people |
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Nationalism |
patriotism- feeling of pride for your nation |
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Democracy |
The people of a region vote for leaders to represent them |
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Sectionalism |
Restriction of interests to a small group at the expense of general well being. Pride for your state. |
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Sherman Antitrust Act |
outlawed any trust that operated "in restraint of trade or commerce among the several states" |
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James Madison |
father of the Constitution |
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Expansionists |
people who supported the growth of America and territory expansion |
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John D. Rockefeller |
oil tycoon, made deals with railroads to increase profits |
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Manifest Destiny |
destined to own most or all of North America |
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New Immigrants |
were from Italy, Greece, Poland, Hungary, and Russia. They were unskilled and poor, settled in cities and took low paying factory jobs. |
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Social Darwinism |
applied to the business world, wealth was a measure of ones inherent value and those who had it were the most "fit" |
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Push Factors |
Why they left; low crop and land prices forced many farmers out of Europe and Asia, wars in eastern Europe pushed out political refugees, many Jews. |
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Pull Factors |
Why they came; hope for opportunity, a lot of land to settle, many from Asia to build railroad, family and friends already here, worship and vote without fear of persecution from government |
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Andrew Carnegie |
important philanthropist, established universities, museums, and libraries, believing that such institutions made it possible for the disadvantaged to rise to wealth |
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Ellis Island |
where a majority of these immigrants were processed |
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Melting Pot |
America, where different nationalities from around the world were coming together to create a single culture |
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Americanization Programs |
helped newcomers learn English and adopt American dress and diet |
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Urban |
area with a large population such as a city or town |
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Cornelius Vanderbilt |
a businessman in the railroad industry, got his start in the steamboat business. He cleverly succeeded in getting its competitors to pay him to relocate because his low fares were driving them out of business |
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Rural |
area outside of the city with low population |
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Urbanization |
large number of people moving from farms in the countryside to work the factories in the cities |
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Entrepreneur |
people who invest money in a product or enterprise in order to make a profit |
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Monopoly |
complete control of a product or service. To do this, a corporation either bought out its competitors or drove them out of business |
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Laissez Faire |
policies, allowed businesses to operate under minimal government regulation |
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Patent |
a grant by the federal government giving an inventor the exclusive right to develop, use, and sell an invention for a set period of time |
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Thomas Edison |
inventor, supported by wealthy industrialists like J.P. Morgan, established a research laboratory at Menlo Park, New Jersey. Received more than 1,000 patents for inventions, only had a few months of formal education. |
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Mass Production |
developed systems for turning out large numbers of large numbers of products quickly and inexpensively. These systems depended upon machinery to carry out tasks that were once done with hand tools |
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Time Zone |
in 1884, delegates from 27 countries divided the globe into 24 time zones, one for each hour of the day. The railroads adopted this system also. |
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Henry Frick |
Andrew Carnegie's partner, responded by bringing in the Pinkertons, a private police force known for their ability to break up strikes. They killed several strikers and wounded many others in a standoff that lasted 2 weeks. July 23, an anarchist who had joined the protestors tried to assassinate Frick. The union had not backed his plan, but the public associated the two, recognizing the public opinion was turning against the unions; the union called off the strike in November. |
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Company Town |
isolated communities near workplaces, owned by the business and rented out to employees |
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Nativism |
a belief that native-born Americans were superior to the Immigrants |
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Rural to Urban Migrant |
sold their farms to work factory jobs in the city, immigrants would stay in the cities where the work was easier to come by |
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Mass Transit |
public systems that carried large numbers of people quiet, clean, and cheap |
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Mark Twain |
novelist, satirized American life in his 1873 novel, The Gilded Age. He depicted American society as gilded, or having a rotten core covered with gold paint |
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Mass Culture |
the newspapers of the Gilded Age both reflected and helped create this |
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America's Past Time |
baseball |
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Progressivism |
Believed that change was needed to improve government, and improve social justice |
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Muckraker |
journalists known as Muckrakers investigated these issues |
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Settlement House |
community center for the inner city poor |
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Social Gospel |
we should follow the Bible's teaching about charity and justice |
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16th Amendment |
Underwood Tariff Act of 1913 created a graduated income tax. A graduated income tax made the wealthy pay more than the poor. Gave Congress the power to do this. |
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18th Amendment |
banning the sale and consumption of alcohol |
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19th Amendment |
Expanded the voter's influence |
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Theodore Roosevelt |
26th President of the United States (1901-1909). Graduated from Harvard, and got into politics while studying law in Columbia. He got out of politics when both his mother and wife died on the same day. Moved out west in 1884, to a ranch in North Dakota to get away from the public, and developed a love for the wilderness. Got back into politics in 1889 and fought against corruption. Became Vice President under William McKinley in 1900. President McKinley was assassinated 1 year later, making Roosevelt president. Roosevelt expanded the powers of the president - example include regulating. |
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Square Deal |
kept the wealthy and powerful from taking advantage of small businesses or workers |
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Trust-busting |
Roosevelt believed that there were "good trusts" and "bad trusts". He understood that big business, at times, could be more efficient and help the consumer, so he focused on corrupt business |
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Meat Inspection Act |
Set up a federal agency to inspect meat being shipped across state lines, and set up inspections of meat packing plants |
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National Reclamation Act |
gave the Federal Government power to decide where and how the water could be distributed |
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Suffrage |
right to vote |
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Temperance |
never drinking alcohol |
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Prohibition |
banning the sale and consumption of alcohol (18th Amendment) |
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Bull Moose Party |
Progressive party, cartoon depicting his newly created progressive party known as the Bull Moose Party |
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Woodrow Wilson |
Democrat Woodrow Wilson used the expanded power of the presidency to promote a far-reaching reform agenda |
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Reconstruction |
the action or process of reconstructing or being reconstructed. After the civil war. |
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The United States Federal Government is split into what three branches? |
Executive, Legislative, and Judicial |
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In the United States what document is the law of the land? |
Constitution |
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Compare and contrast Nationalism and Sectionalism |
Nationalism- patriotism, feeling of pride for your nation. Sectionalism - restriction of interests to a small group at the expense of general well being, pride for your state |
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What were the two main trails wagon trains took out to get out West? |
Oregon and Santa Fe trails |
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What were the pull factors bringing people to the Western United States in the mid 1800s? |
Hope for opportunity, lot of land to settle (entire west), many from Asia helped build the railroads, family and friends convinced them, could worship and vote without fear of persecution. |
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Why did Northern States not want new states to enter the Union prior to the Civil War? |
Northern states didn't want the southern states to outnumber them because then they would be more powerful and voting powers |
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What were some negative issues surrounding the expansion of cities through 1900? |
Lack of safety, no clean water, bad hygiene, tight spaces |
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What kinds of entertainment were popular in the big cities? |
Circuses, fairs, camping grounds, amusement parks, movies, sports, etc. |
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How did many Americans measure success? |
The ability to have a vacation |
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How might the Civil War have changed the way factories had to produce goods? |
The Civil War helped make them come up with mass production as well as the ability to turn out many things quickly and transport them to long distances. |
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How did steel, railroads, and oil help America industrialize rapidly? |
These things helped build America, literally and figuratively. Steel helped make skyscrapers and make new architectural feats. Railroads helped transport goods and people. |
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What were two reasons for strikes during the early 1900s? |
Long work hours and terrible pay/conditions |
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What do you think about the tactics Rockefeller used to create his business empire? |
I think they were brilliant but terrible |
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What qualities did Vanderbilt, Rockefeller, and Carnegie possess in order to allow them to succeed in business? |
They were all ruthless, smart, and able to predict how the economy would go |
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What were the two jobs women most often had during the early 1900's? |
Teaching and nursing |
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What made it possible for women to get better jobs outside of the factories or the home? |
Education |
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What were the three main aspects of society that the Progressive movement fought to reform? |
Break up the monopolies and trusts, women gaining the right to vote, poor living conditions/prohibitions |
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What were TWO ways Monopolies were formed? |
They decreased the cost by producing goods by paying lowest wages or lowest for materials. Increased profit by advertising. |
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How did corporations maximize their profits? |
Bought out other companies and made cartels to drive them out of business |
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Why did the Federal Government start to regulate businesses in the late 1800's? |
Because there were many unjust business practices, including random and unfair rates |
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How did electricity transform the lives of Americans? |
It created more hours in the day. |
