1St Semester Exam Study Guide

Front 1

rock cycle

Back 1

the process in which rocks form, change, break down and reform.

Front 2

crystallization

Back 2

the process through which rocks form, either from molten rock or from coming out from solution.

Front 3

plate tectonics

Back 3

the theory that the earth's surface, lithosphere, is divided into a series of segments which moves

Front 4

atoms

Back 4

the smallest unit of an element that has the proper piece of that element.

Front 5

ions

Back 5

atoms which have lost or gained electrons

Front 6

force

Back 6

a push or a pull

Front 7

newtons three laws

Back 7

1.inertia
2. f=ma
3. action force/ reaction force

Front 8

bouyancy

Back 8

push back force equal to the force exerted by the amount of water displaced by the object

Front 9

gravity

Back 9

the pull of object towards the center of its mass

Front 10

topography

Back 10

surface features of an area of earths continent

Front 11

contour lines

Back 11

connect points of equal elevation

Front 12

rules for a contour map

Back 12

1. contour lines never cross
2. circles show highest (hills, mountains) and lowest (basins and lakes) in a closed system
3. decreases in elevation in a depression
4. contour lines crossing a stream point toward higher elevation
5. the closer the lines the steeper the slope
6. the index lines that numbers on them
7. on a map the contour intervals are always equal

Front 13

science process skills

Back 13

set of steps through which info. is gained and verified, including observations, hyothesis, variables, writing procedures and organized data.

Front 14

observations

Back 14

information gained using the five senses

Front 15

hypothesis

Back 15

proposed solution to a problem to be tested, based on observations and previous experience

Front 16

variable

Back 16

anything which can change in an experiment

Front 17

independent

Back 17

the one variable which is delbrately changed from one trial to another but the experimentor

Front 18

dependent

Back 18

the variable which may change in response to changes in the independent variable

Front 19

controlled variable

Back 19

those variable which must remain the same on one trial to another

Front 20

procedure

Back 20

step by step sequence for conducting and experimenting.

Front 21

data

Back 21

observations of the changes made due to manipultaion of one variable. usually recorded in an organized chart.

Front 22

quantitative

Back 22

observations involving measuements

Front 23

qualitative

Back 23

observations of what occurs. very descriptive

Front 24

types of mining

Back 24

strip mining
open pit mining
deep mining
surface mining

Front 25

density

Back 25

amount of mass in a given volume of space generally written as g/ml

Front 26

4 spheres of earth

Back 26

1. atmosphere
2. hydrosphere
3. geosphere
4. boisphere

Front 27

wieght

Back 27

the pull of gravity on the mass of an oject.