1St Semester Bio

Front 1

uniformitarianism

Back 1

says that geological forces produced changes on earth in the past & predicts that those same forces will continue to produce change in the future

Front 2

natural selection

Back 2

the survival & reprod of organisms that are best suited to their environment

Front 3

adaptations

Back 3

characteristics that increase the chances that an organism will survive & reprod in its environment

Front 4

descent with modification

Back 4

related organisms share a common ancestor

Front 5

molecules

Back 5

measurement [cup of water]

Front 6

compounds

Back 6

substances [liquid of water]

Front 7

electron shells

Back 7

arrangement of electrons around an atom's nucleus according to the energy they contain: less energy, closer to nucleus

Front 8

isotopes

Back 8

atoms of the same element that differ in their # of neutrons

Front 9

chemical bonds

Back 9

attractions/sharing/transfer of outer shell elecrtons from one electron to another

Front 10

chemical reaction

Back 10

making & breaking of chem bonds

Front 11

activation energy

Back 11

energy needed to get chem reaction started

Front 12

ion

Back 12

atom/molecule that has a pos/neg charge bc it gained/lost electrons

Front 13

ionic bond

Back 13

attraction b/w opp charged ions

Front 14

covalent bond

Back 14

2 atoms share 1 or more pairs of electrons

Front 15

hydrogen bond

Back 15

weak attraction b/w hydrogen atoms & oxy/nitro/fluorine atoms; holds together the strands of DNA in a double helix

Front 16

acidic

Back 16

solution with more H+ than OH-

Front 17

basic

Back 17

solution with more OH- than H+

Front 18

carbs

Back 18

have same hydrogen to oxy ratio as water - 2:1

Front 19

monosaccharides

Back 19

have 3-7 carbon atoms in their skeletons

Front 20

polysaccharides

Back 20

several bonded glucose molecules

Front 21

lipid functions

Back 21

long-term storage of energy
build structural parts of cell membs

Front 22

protein functions

Back 22

ctructural components of cell walls
messengers & revievers of messages

Front 23

amino acids

Back 23

make up proteins
contain carbon, hydrogen, oxy, nitro

Front 24

peptide bonds

Back 24

covalent bonds formed b/w amino acids

Front 25

primary structure

Back 25

sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

Front 26

secondary structures

Back 26

the folding or twisting of a polypeptide chain; usually stabilized by hydrogen bonds

Front 27

tertiary structure

Back 27

globular/spherical folding of the chain of amino acids

Front 28

hydrophobicity

Back 28

tendency for nonpolar amino acids to avoid water, so they become buried inside folded proteins

Front 29

quaternary structure

Back 29

2 or more tertiary forms combined

Front 30

nucleic acids

Back 30

dictate the amino acid sequence of proteins

Front 31

nucleotides

Back 31

long chains of these make up nucleic acids

Front 32

RNA

Back 32

when nucleic acids have ribose in their nucleotides

Front 33

DNA

Back 33

when nucleic acids have deoxyribose which is a phosphate group & adenine/thymine/guanine/cytosine

Front 34

transport proteins

Back 34

embedded in the membran; help charged molecules & polar molecules pass into the cell

Front 35

glycoproteins

Back 35

protiens embedded in the memb that have sugars attached

Front 36

glycolipid

Back 36

lipids linked to sugars that are in membs

Front 37

turgor

Back 37

pressure of a cell against its cell wall

Front 38

isotonic

Back 38

concent of solutes is = inside & outside cell

Front 39

hypertonic

Back 39

concent of solute outside cell is higherrr [cell bursts]

Front 40

hypotonic

Back 40

concent of solute inside cell is lower [cell shrinks]

Front 41

passive transport

Back 41

diffusion with no energy

Front 42

active transport

Back 42

diffusion that needs energy from ATP bc its going against its concent gradient

Front 43

facilitated transport

Back 43

passage of molecules attached to carrier proteins going down their concent gradient

Front 44

endocytosis

Back 44

way to get food into a unicellular organism

Front 45

exocytosis

Back 45

removes waste

Front 46

nucleotides

Back 46

long chains of these make up nucleic acids

Front 47

RNA

Back 47

when nucleic acids have ribose in their nucleotides

Front 48

DNA

Back 48

when nucleic acids have deoxyribose which is a phosphate group & adenine/thymine/guanine/cytosine

Front 49

transport proteins

Back 49

embedded in the membran; help charged molecules & polar molecules pass into the cell

Front 50

glycoproteins

Back 50

protiens embedded in the memb that have sugars attached

Front 51

glycolipid

Back 51

lipids linked to sugars that are in membs

Front 52

turgor

Back 52

pressure of a cell against its cell wall

Front 53

isotonic

Back 53

concent of solutes is = inside & outside cell

Front 54

hypertonic

Back 54

concent of solute outside cell is higherrr [cell bursts]

Front 55

hypotonic

Back 55

concent of solute inside cell is lower [cell shrinks]

Front 56

passive transport

Back 56

diffusion with no energy

Front 57

active transport

Back 57

diffusion that needs energy from ATP bc its going against its concent gradient

Front 58

facilitated transport

Back 58

passage of molecules attached to carrier proteins going down their concent gradient

Front 59

endocytosis

Back 59

way to get food into a unicellular organism

Front 60

exocytosis

Back 60

removes waste

Front 61

nephrons

Back 61

long, coiled tube with one cuplike end [glomerular capsule] that fits over a mass of capillaries [glomerulus] & another end that opens into a duct that collects urine

Front 62

filtration

Back 62

in glomerulus [ball of capillaries]
fluid porton of blood [includes wastes, urea, salts, ions, glucose, & amino acids] is forced into glomerular capsule

Front 63

reabsorption

Back 63

in tubule
cells of tubule wall absorbs the stuff that was filtered that the body needs & returns them to the blood

Front 64

secretion

Back 64

as filtered stuff moves thru tubule
cells of tubule wall remove some stuff from the blood & release it into the filtered stuff [mostly K+]

Front 65

urine

Back 65

waste fluid

Front 66

ureter

Back 66

tube thru which urine leaves the kidneys

Front 67

urethra

Back 67

tube thru which urine leaves during urination

Front 68

aldosterone

Back 68

hormone secreted by adrenal gland
when potassium levels in blood are too high, it's released
stimulates more K+s being taken from the blood & put into the tubule

Front 69

feedback regulation with ADH

Back 69

dehydration means blood pressure drops
hypothalamus detects this & makes pituitary gland let out ADH
ADH tells cell membs of collecting ducts to let more water in
more water is giben to blood
brain detects the higher blood pressure
stops letting out ADH