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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why is DM 1 more destruction then rebuilding?
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*Due to increased protein utilization
*Insulin stimulates protein synthesis to rebuild muscle *Type 1 DM don't have any insulin so therefor there is nothing to stimulate new muscle building |
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What continues increasing hyperglycemia in type 1 DM?
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*Amino-acids being converted to glucose in the liver
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What is the net result of increased protein utilization?
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*protein waisting
*Could become emaciated |
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What will reverse the protein and fat metabolism in type 1 DM?
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*Insulin
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Classic symptoms of DM
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*Polyuria
*Polydipsia *Polyphagia |
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Polyuria
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*Increased voiding
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Polydipsia
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*Increased thirst
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Polyphagia
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*Increased uria
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What are type 1 diabetics always hungery?
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*Because the cells need glucose and it is only present in the blood so the cells are hungery
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Diagnostic testing for type 1 DM
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*FBS
*OGTT *A1C *C-Peptide *Ketonuria *Protein |
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What does the A1C measure?
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*% of glucose attached to hemoglobin.
*Measures for past 3 months *used for long time DM pts |
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*Why does the A1C only measure for the past 3 months?
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*because the RBC's life span is 120 days
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*What can cause a false high in the A1C
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*High turn over of RBC's such as anemia
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What do we want the A1C to be?
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*Less then 7%
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What is syndrome x?
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*Type 2 diabetics that do not know what is wrong for a long time (6 years ish?)
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S/S Hyperglycemia
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*Polydipsia
*Polyphagia *Polyuria *Dry skin *Fatigue |
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S/S hypoglycemia
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*Irritability
*Shaky *Sweaty *Cold, clammy skin |
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Why is irritability one of the first signs of hypoglycemia?
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*Because hormones tell us when out blood sugar is getting low
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Which type DM patients should self monitor blood sugar?
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*Both type 1 and type 2
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When does the frequency of self-monitoring blood sugar vary?
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*Type 1 is more often (at least after meals and QHS
*Illness *S/S of hypo- or hyper- *New meds/doses *weight changes (less weight means less insulin is needed) *Changes in diet and/or exercise because exercise can decrease glucose |
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Food Pyramid
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*8 glasses of H2O
*6-11 servings of rice, pasta, bread *3-5 servings of vegetables *2-4 servings of fruit *2-3 servings of milk, cheese, yogurt *2-3 servings of meat, poultry, fish *Use oils, sweets and supplements sparingly |
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How does the diabetic diet differ from someone elses diet?
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*Must have consistant timing over 24 hours
*must be timed with insulin *cannot skip meals *Calories my need to decrease in the type 2 diabetic |
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What is the daily fiber recommendation of diabetics?
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*The same as everyone elses
*20-35 g |
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When does a client need to be treated with medication for DM?
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*When lifestyle changes aren't controling blood sugar. All pt's will at some point get to this.
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Types of meds for diabetics
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*Oral
*Insulin |
