1St 9Wks Study Guide History

Front 1

What is radiocarbon dating?

Back 1

A way of finding the age of things

Front 2

Beringia?

Back 2

A land bridge that brought people to the Americas from Asia

Front 3

Francisco Pizarro?

Back 3

The man who conquered the Inca

Front 4

Montezuma?

Back 4

The Aztec leader ruling when the Aztecs were ended by Hernando Cortez's conquering of Mexico

Front 5

The Vikings?

Back 5

The vikings were one of the oldest explorers, some set up a camp in Newfounland; but were pushed home by the natives

Front 6

Who was Christopher Colombus?

Back 6

An explorer who discovered the western halve of the world, he did not discover America, as he only landed in the Carribean and north South America

Front 7

What was the Colombian Exhange?

Back 7

The triangular trade of food,tools,ideas, and people from Europe to Africa to America, and then back to Europe

Front 8

Middle Passage?

Back 8

The route from Africa to America which carried slaves;known for its brutality

Front 9

Thomas Hooker and the Massachussets Bay Colony?

Back 9

The first minister in the colonies, spread Puritan values in colonies live massachussets bay

Front 10

Bacon's Rebellion?

Back 10

An uprising of framers against goverment corruption, led by Nathaniel Bacon

Front 11

Puritans and "Holy Washing"?

Back 11

A group of people with very stric moral and religious laws

Front 12

Enlightenment?

Back 12

The flood of ideas and scientific discoveries, found in the 17th century

Front 13

Gaspee Affair?

Back 13

The burning of a particularly unpopular British ship that enforced certain unpopular laws

Front 14

French and Indian War (also terms of peace treaty)?

Back 14

War between France and its Indian friends, and Britain. In the Treaty of Paris, the british gained rights to all the land west of the mississippi.

Front 15

Stamp Act?

Back 15

law enacted by a government that requires a tax to be paid on the transfer of certain documents

Front 16

Sugar Act?

Back 16

a law that taxed the colonies more on such goods as sugar because it wanted more money

Front 17

Townshend Acts?

Back 17

Act that placed a tax on common imported products that pissed off Americans

Front 18

Boston Massacre?

Back 18

The murder of 5 unarmed civilians by British trrops in Boston

Front 19

Quartering Act?

Back 19

An act by Britain that said the britain was allowed to house its troops in american houses

Front 20

Common Sense?

Back 20

A pamphlet by Thomas Paine that taled about becoming independent

Front 21

Declaration of Independence?

Back 21

The declaring of american independence from Britain

Front 22

American Revolution?

Back 22

The war of independence from Briatain.
Turning points:Yorktown(victory of America),Cornwallis(general that lossed Yorktown for British) Battle of Saratoga (decisive victories for Americans)

Front 23

Articles of Confederation?

Back 23

Original plan of government proposed by colonies

Front 24

Constitution, Preamble,Articles,Amendements

Back 24

Constitution is law paper, Preamble is explanation, Articles are the actual laws and Amendments are the changes allowed to the laws

Front 25

Virginia Plan?

Back 25

An idea drafted by James Madison that settled the overall agenda of the philidelphia convention

Front 26

New Jersey Plan?

Back 26

A plan drafted by William Paterson at the philidelphia convention

Front 27

presidential quallifications?

Back 27

things that qualify you to be a president

Front 28

checks and balances?

Back 28

how the different houses of government eep the balance of power

Front 29

amendment process?

Back 29

the process of amending the constitution

Front 30

Federalists v. Anti-Federalists?

Back 30

Feds wanted constitution, Anti-Feds wanted a constitution w/ a Bill of Rights.

Front 31

Bill of Rights?

Back 31

Bill ensuring rights of american citizens

Front 32

state's rights?

Back 32

the rights of the states to make certain decisions

Front 33

nullificaton?

Back 33

For a law to be declared unconstitutional

Front 34

sedition?

Back 34

insurrection

Front 35

Macons Bill 2?

Back 35

Bill lifting all embargoes on France and Britain so they'd stop seizing our ships

Front 36

XYZ Affair?

Back 36

When France seized American ships headed for Britain and wanted ransome

Front 37

presidential election of 1800?

Back 37

When Thomas Jefferson beat John Adams to become president

Front 38

Causes and effects of war of 1812?

Back 38

No real effects, caused by increased aggresion of Britain

Front 39

Treaty of Greenville?

Back 39

Treaty ending northwest indian war

Front 40

the National Road?

Back 40

One of the first highways built by the government in America

Front 41

Erie Canal?

Back 41

A canal connecting the Great Lakes to the Atlantic

Front 42

Commonwelth v. Hunt?

Back 42

The case that decided that labor-unions causing strikes was legal

Front 43

revivalism of 1800s?

Back 43

A wave of religious enthusiasm in Protestants

Front 44

spoils systems?

Back 44

When a canditate gives jobs to his voters for helping him win

Front 45

romanticism?

Back 45

A ism that provokes strong emotion through the arts

Front 46

Nat Turner?

Back 46

Slave that started the largest slave rebellion in anti-bellum Southern America

Front 47

Frederick Douglas?

Back 47

A black rights activist who was a firm beleiver in equality

Front 48

William Lloyd Garrison?

Back 48

A prominent white aboloitionist

Front 49

Panic of 1837?

Back 49

A panic that put the economy in depression for 5 years

Front 50

Tariff of Abominations?

Back 50

A protective tarif by the U.S government that was not popular with southerners

Front 51

Indian Removal Act?

Back 51

The acts that forced the Indians to move westward

Front 52

Trail of Tears?

Back 52

The journey from the east to the west by native ameicans. many natives died on the journey

Front 53

Henry David Thoereau?

Back 53

An American writer who wrote Walden and Civil Disobedience

Front 54

Ralph Waldo Emerson?

Back 54

A philosopher,essayist and poet who influenced the New Though movement

Front 55

Cotton Gin?

Back 55

A machine that could pick cotton faster than people could

Front 56

How did the taming of horses affect the Sioux?

Back 56

They could hunt and travel more effeciently

Front 57

When and why was the Iroquois League disbanded?

Back 57

There weren't enough free Indians

Front 58

How did the Dutch increase the size of there colony?

Back 58

They bought it from the Natives

Front 59

How did the rise in trade affect the New England Coast?

Back 59

It made coastal towns into large shipping and trading cities

Front 60

Why did Great Britain see a need to tax the colonists?

Back 60

They were britsh and it was alot easier to pay for the French and Indian War with them then with themselves

Front 61

Why did the governor of Spanish Flordia promise freedom and land to enslave Africans?

Back 61

To attract people to live there

Front 62

What did Thomas Jefferson consider the keystone of our arch of government?

Back 62

public education

Front 63

Why was it difficult for the Continental Congress to pay for the Revolution?

Back 63

It couldn't tax

Front 64

How did the war between Britain and France put Washington in a precarious position?

Back 64

He didn't want to side with a side on the matter of war

Front 65

Why was the constitutional convention closed to the public?

Back 65

To help ensure honest and open speach

Front 66

transcontinental railroad

Back 66

the popular name of the U.S. railroad line (known at the time as the "Pacific Railroad") completed in 1869 between Council Bluffs, Iowa/Omaha, Nebraska (via Ogden, Utah and Sacramento, California) and Alameda, California

Front 67

American Railroad Assosciation

Back 67

an industry trade group representing railroads in the United States.

Front 68

credit mobilier

Back 68

The Crédit Mobilier of America scandal of 1872 involved the Union Pacific Railroad and the Crédit Mobilier of America construction company.

Front 69

department stores

Back 69

a retail establishment which specializes in selling a wide range of products without a single predominant merchandise line

Front 70

blacklist

Back 70

a list or register of persons who, for one reason or another, are being denied a particular privilege, service, mobility, access or recognition

Front 71

strikebreaker

Back 71

a person who works despite an ongoing strike

Front 72

lockout

Back 72

a work stoppage in which an employer prevents employees from working

Front 73

alexander graham bell

Back 73

an eminent scientist, inventor and innovator who is widely credited with inventing the first practical telephone.

Front 74

thomas edison

Back 74

an American inventor and businessman who developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph and the long-lasting, practical electric light bulb.

Front 75

william m. tweed

Back 75

"Boss Tweed," was an American politician most famous for his leadership of Tammany Hall, the Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in the politics of 19th century New York

Front 76

social darwinism

Back 76

various ideologies based on a concept that competition among all individuals, groups, nations, or ideas drives social evolution in human societies.[1] The term draws upon the common use of the term Darwinism which is a social adaptation of Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection which explains speciation in populations as the outcome of competition between individual organisms for limited resources or "survival of the fittest

Front 77

gospel of wealth

Back 77

providing the tools for people to become succesful

Front 78

nativists

Back 78

an opposition to immigration or to specific ethnic or cultural groups because the groups are considered hostile or alien to the natural culture, and it is assumed that they cannot be assimilated

Front 79

first subway systems

Back 79

An underground transit system in New York City was first built by Alfred Ely Beach in 1869. His Beach Pneumatic Transit only extended 312 feet (95 m) under Broadway and exhibited his idea for a subway

Front 80

tammany hall

Back 80

the Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in controlling New York City politics and helping immigrants (most notably the Irish) rise up in American politics from the 1790s to the 1960s

Front 81

political machines

Back 81

a disciplined political organization in which an authoritative boss or small group commands the support of a corps of supporters (usually campaign workers), who receive rewards for their efforts

Front 82

graft

Back 82

While bribery includes an intent to influence or be influenced by another for personal gain, which is often difficult to prove, graft only requires that the official gains something of value, not part of his official pay, when doing his work. Large "gifts" qualify as graft, and most countries have laws against it

Front 83

individualism

Back 83

the moral stance, political philosophy, or social outlook that stresses independence and self-reliance

Front 84

salvation army

Back 84

a Protestant Christian Church denomination that is organised in a quasi-military manner

Front 85

vaudeville

Back 85

a genre of variety entertainment prevalent on the stage in the United States and Canada, from the early 1880s until the early 1930s.

freak shows

Front 86

pendleton act

Back 86

established the United States Civil Service Commission, which placed most federal government employees on the merit system and marked the end of the so-called "spoils system

Front 87

mugwumps

Back 87

Republican political activists who supported Democratic candidate Grover Cleveland in the United States presidential election of 1884

Front 88

farmer's alliance cooperatives

Back 88

an organized agrarian economic movement amongst U.S. farmers that flourished in the 1880s

Front 89

sherman anti-trust act

Back 89

the first United States Federal statute to limit cartels and monopolies. It falls under antitrust law.

Front 90

granger laws

Back 90

a series of laws passed in western states of the United States after the American Civil War to regulate grain elevator and railroad freight rates and rebates and to address long- and short-haul discrimination and other railroad abuses against farmers

Front 91

civil rights act of 1875

Back 91

The Act guaranteed that everyone, regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude, was entitled to the same treatment in "public accommodations"

Front 92

plessy v. ferguson

Back 92

a landmark United States Supreme Court decision in the jurisprudence of the United States, upholding the constitutionality of racial segregation even in public accommodations (particularly railroads), under the doctrine of "separate but equal".

Front 93

roosevelt corollary

Back 93

a substantial amendment to the Monroe Doctrine by U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt in 1904

Front 94

open door policy

Back 94

an important policy that has led to an increase of trade, economic co-operation, and interdependence between countries

Front 95

colony

Back 95

a territory under the immediate political control of a state

Front 96

platt amendment

Back 96

a rider appended to the Army Appropriations Act, a United States federal law passed on March 2, 1901, which stipulated the conditions for the withdrawal of United States troops remaining in Cuba since the Spanish-American War, and defined the terms of Cuban-U.S. relations until the 1934 Treaty of Relations

Front 97

protectorate

Back 97

an autonomous territory that is protected diplomatically or militarily against third parties by a stronger state or entity, in exchange for which the protectorate usually accepts specified obligations, which may vary greatly, depending on the real nature of their relationship

Front 98

dollar diplomacy

Back 98

the term used to describe the efforts of the United States — particularly under President William Howard Taft — to further its foreign policy aims in Latin America and East Asia through use of its economic power by guaranteeing loans made to foreign countries

Front 99

battleship maine

Back 99

The sinking of the Maine on February 15, 1898 precipitated the Spanish-American War and also popularized the phrase Remember the Maine, to Hell with Spain!

Front 100

boxer rebellion

Back 100

was a violent anti-foreign, anti-Christian movement by the “Boxers United in Righteousness,” Yihe tuan [1] or Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists in China