1St 9 Weeks Review

Front 1

Why were regional trading patterns important about 1500 A.D. ?

Back 1

The exchange of products and ideas

Front 2

What technological and scientific advancements were exchanged by about 1500 A.D. ?

Back 2

Paper, compass, silk, porcelain (China) Textiles (India) Numeral system, astronomy, mathematics, medicine (Middle East)

Front 3

What products were traded on the Silk Routes?

Back 3

Paper, compass, silk, porcelain

Front 4

What products were traded on Trans-Saharan routes?

Back 4

Gold and Salt

Front 5

What products were traded on South China Sea routes?

Back 5

Spices

Front 6

What products were traded on Indian Ocean routes?

Back 6

Spices and Textiles

Front 7

What products were traded on European routes?

Back 7

Products and ideas from Asia

Front 8

A humanist would most likely tell someone to study what?

Back 8

poetry, philosophy, and history

Front 9

Who was a well known Renaissance author of sonnets?

Back 9

Shakespeare

Front 10

Michelangelo painted what?

Back 10

The Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel

Front 11

The movement of humanism studied the ancient cultures of where?

Back 11

Greece and Rome

Front 12

What were the approximate dates of the Renaissance?

Back 12

1350 -- 1600 A.D.

Front 13

Where did the Renaissance begin?

Back 13

Florence, Italy

Front 14

What does Renaissance mean?

Back 14

Rebirth

Front 15

What are the characteristics of Renaissance art?

Back 15

1. life-like gestures and actions
2. religious and secular themes
3. human emotions and feelings

Front 16

Leonardo de Vinci painted what?

Back 16

The Mona Lisa and The Last Supper

Front 17

Who best represented the humanist philosophy of the Renaissance?

Back 17

Erasmus

Front 18

The Songhai Empire traded what?

Back 18

Gold and Salt

Front 19

Which Chinese goods were desired by Europeans?

Back 19

Porcelain, Paper, and Silk

Front 20

Martin Luther's religious views were what?

Back 20

1. Salvation by faith alone.
2. Bible was ultimate authority.
3. All humans equal before God.

Front 21

John Calvin's religious views were what?

Back 21

1. Predestination
2. Faith revealed by living a righteous life.
3. Work ethic.

Front 22

King Henry VIII's religious views included what?

Back 22

Dismissed the authority of the Pope in Rome.

Front 23

Queen Elizabeth I was associated with the __________ Church.

Back 23

Anglican

Front 24

Queen Elizabeth I's rule was known for victory over the __________ in 1588.

Back 24

Spanish Armada

Front 25

King Henry VIII _____________ and remarried, then broke with the Catholic church.

Back 25

divorced

Front 26

John Calvin believed in predestination and expanded the __________________.

Back 26

protestant movement

Front 27

After breaking with the Catholic church, King Henry VIII formed the _________ of __________.

Back 27

Church of England

Front 28

The Catholic monarch (Henry IV) granted Protestant Huguenots freedom of worship with what?

Back 28

The Edict of Nantes

Front 29

The Society of Jesus (Jesuits) was founded to spread _____________ around the world.

Back 29

Catholic doctrine

Front 30

The ________________ was used to reinforce Catholic Doctrine during the Catholic Counter Reformation.

Back 30

Inquisition

Front 31

The Thirty Years' War was fought in Germany between the _________ and __________ and resulted in devastating loss.

Back 31

Protestants and Catholics.

Front 32

In England, the rise of Reformation contributed to the growth of ______________.

Back 32

Capitalism

Front 33

___________, a French theologian, advocated that God had preordained the fate of all people (predestination).

Back 33

John Calvin

Front 34

___________ expressed the beliefs that 1) Salvation by faith alone; 2) Bible is the ultimate authority; 3) All humans are equal before God.

Back 34

Martin Luther

Front 35

The Anglican Church became the national church throughout the British Isles under what monarch?

Back 35

Elizabeth I

Front 36

The ____________ was a conflict between Protestants and Catholics.

Back 36

Thirty Years' War

Front 37

Ignatius Loyola established what order of monks?

Back 37

Jesuits (Society of Jesus)

Front 38

Cardinal Richelieu changed the focus of the Thirty Years' War from a religious conflict to a __________ conflict.

Back 38

Political

Front 39

The church court established to reinforce Catholic doctrine was the ______________?

Back 39

Inquisition

Front 40

Freedom of worship was granted to the Huguenots through the _______________?

Back 40

Edict of Nantes

Front 41

The primary reason that the North German princes supported Martin Luther was for ____________?

Back 41

economic reasons

Front 42

The group formed to reform the Catholic Church was the _________________.

Back 42

Council of Trent

Front 43

What factors contributed to the discovery of lands in the Western Hemisphere?

Back 43

Economic competition between European empires.

Front 44

Which explorer was from Portugal who, in 1497, hoped to sail around Africa and reach India.

Back 44

Vasco da Gama

Front 45

European migration to the Americas resulted in _____________?

Back 45

The demise of the Aztec, Mayan, and Incan Empires.

Front 46

The impact of the Columbian Exchange included __________________?

Back 46

The death of many American Indians from smallpox.

Front 47

Ferdinand Magellan explored for _____________.

Back 47

Spain

Front 48

Which explorer received credit for establishing the first permanent colonies in the Americas?

Back 48

Columbus

Front 49

The second person to circumnavigate the globe was _______________.

Back 49

Drake

Front 50

Where were the majority of 17th century African slaves sent in the New World?

Back 50

Central America and Carribean.

Front 51

What were the main reasons for exploring during the Age of Discovery?

Back 51

Gold, God, and Glory.

Front 52

The Ottoman Empire spread to where?

Back 52

The Balkan Peninsula

Front 53

Istanbul, formerly named Constantinople, was the capital of the ________________.

Back 53

Ottoman Empire

Front 54

The Taj Mahal was a contribution of the ____________ Empire.

Back 54

Mughal Indian

Front 55

Military leaders, called shoguns, ruled ______________.

Back 55

Japan

Front 56

The West African empires traded slaves and what other goods?

Back 56

Gold and Salt

Front 57

What is mercantilism?

Back 57

The idea that a nation's power is related to its wealth and needs a favorable balance of trade with its colonies.

Front 58

With the fall of the Byzantine Empire to the Ottoman Turks in 1453, the capital city of Constantinople was renamed _____________.

Back 58

Istanbul

Front 59

Which was the largest Muslim Empire in the 1500s?

Back 59

Ottoman

Front 60

The two empires that were isolationist were ________________.

Back 60

Ming China and Japan

Front 61

In Japan, the Dutch were allowed to trade from where?

Back 61

Nagasaki

Front 62

William Harvey discovered circulation of the _________.

Back 62

blood

Front 63

Isaac Newton formulated the law of ______________.

Back 63

gravity

Front 64

Johannes Kepler discovered ______________ motion.

Back 64

planetary

Front 65

Nicolaus Copernicus developed the _________________.

Back 65

Heliocentric Theory

Front 66

Galileo Galilei used the __________ to support the heliocentric theory.

Back 66

Telescope

Front 67

The _______________ takes its name from a series of European monarchs who increased the power of their central governments.

Back 67

Age of Absolutism

Front 68

3 ways that express the importance of the Scientific Revolution are

Back 68

1) Emphasis on reason and systematic observation of nature.
2) Formulation of the scientific method
3) Expansion orf scientific knowledge

Front 69

2 characteristics of absolute monarchs are

Back 69

centralization of power, concelp of rule by divine right

Front 70

Two absolute monarchs: _________ - palace of Versailles as a symbol of royal power.
_________ - Westernization of Russia

Back 70

Louis XIV of France
Peter the Great of Russia

Front 71

Political ____________ rests on the principle that government derives power from the consent of the governed.

Back 71

Democracy

Front 72

The foundations of __________ rights include the jury trial, the Magna Carta, and common law.

Back 72

English

Front 73

The English Civil War and Glorious Revolution promoted the development of the rights of Englishmen through which events?

Back 73

Oliver Cromwell, Charles I execution, The restoration of Charles II, Development of political parties, Increase of parliamentary power, English Bill of Rights

Front 74

___________ thinkers believed that human progress was possible through the application of scientific knowledge and reason to issues of law and government.

Back 74

Enlightenment

Front 75

The enlightenment applied reason to the _____________, as well as to the rest of the natural world, stimulated ___________ tolerance, and fueled _____________ revolutions around the world.

Back 75

human world, religious, democratic.

Front 76

____________, through the Leviathan, explained that humans exist in a primitive "state of nature" and consent to government for self-protection.

Back 76

Thomas Hobbes

Front 77

_______________'s Two Treatise on Government stated that people are sovereign and consent to government for protection of natural rights to life, liberty, and property.

Back 77

John Locke

Front 78

_____________'s "Candide" stated that the best form of government includes separation of church and state.

Back 78

Voltaire

Front 79

In __________'s work, The Social Contract, government is a contract between rulers and the people.

Back 79

Rousseau

Front 80

The philosopher ______________ believed religious toleration should triumph over religious fanaticiam; separation of church and state.

Back 80

Voltaire

Front 81

___________ was a German Baroque composer during the Age of Reason.

Back 81

Bach

Front 82

____________ was one classical music composer during the Enlightenment/Age of Reason.

Back 82

Mozart

Front 83

_____________ wrote Don Quixote, which was the first modern novel in Europe

Back 83

Cervantes

Front 84

What improved technologies that were important to European economies during the Enlightenment.

Back 84

1) All-weather roads improved year-round transport and trade.
2) New designs in farm tools increased productivity.
3) Improvements in ship design lowered costs of transport.

Front 85

The ____________ was a political prison for individuals who opposed the absolutism of the monarchy, and its fall was a symbolic beginning of the French Revolution.

Back 85

Bastille

Front 86

Name 3 outcomes of the French Revolution.

Back 86

1) The execution of Louis XVI
2) War with neighboring countries
3) The rise of Napoleon

Front 87

__________ is closely associated with the belief that government should be a contract made by the people.

Back 87

John Locke

Front 88

_______________ is known as a pioneer of the Scientific Revolution for his discovery of planetary motion.

Back 88

Johannes Kepler

Front 89

Peter the Great was a monarch of __________________.

Back 89

Russia

Front 90

The principle that government derives power from the consent of the governed is represented through ________________.

Back 90

Democracy

Front 91

The development of the rights of Englishmen included the establishment of ____________.

Back 91

common law

Front 92

The enlightenment thinker who wrote The Social Conract

Back 92

Rousseau

Front 93

Application of Enlightenment thinking include what two ideas?

Back 93

1) Reason was applied to the human world, not just the natural world.
2) Religious tolerance continued.

Front 94

The first reigning monarch to face a public trial and execution was ________________.

Back 94

Charles I

Front 95

The separation of powers found in the US Constitution comes from writings of which Enlightenment thinker?

Back 95

Montesquieu