1.political Culture

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Push Polls

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a political campaign technique in which an individual or organization attempts to influence or alter the view of respondents

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Bandwagon Effect

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the phenomenon of a popular trend attracting even greater popularity

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Refusal Rate

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The percentage of people contacted who decline to participate in the research study

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Exit Polls

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a poll of voters taken immediately after they have exited the polling stations

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Tracking Poll

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a survey of public opinion from a particular sample

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Skewed Question

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a question that is phrased in such a way that a certain answer is more likely to be given

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Context Effect

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people respond differently in different situtions due to the context of the situation

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Question Framing

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Statistical surveys used to collect quantitative information about items in a population

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Saliency

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having a quality that thrusts itself into attention

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Help America Vote Act 2002

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a federal program that provided nearly three billion dollars to US states to replace punch card voting

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Motor-Voter Law (1993)

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An act to establish national voter registration procedures for Federal elections

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Fifteenth Amendment

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Ratified 1870 - No one could be denied the right to vote on account of race, color or having been a slave

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Literacy Tests

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the government practice of testing the literacy of potential citizens

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Poll Tax

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a tax of a fixed amount per person and payable as a requirement for the right to vote

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Grandfather Clause

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an exemption based on circumstances existing prior to the adoption of some policy; used to enfranchise illiterate whites in south

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White Primary

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primary elections in the Southern States of the United States of America in which any non-White voter was prohibited

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Voting Rights Act (1965)

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A law passed at the time of the civil rights movement. It eliminated various devices, such as literacy tests, that had traditionally been used to restrict voting by black people.

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Nineteenth Amendment (1920)

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adopted in 1920; guarantees that no state can deny the right to vote on the basis of sex

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Twenty-Sixth Amendment (1971)

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The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age.

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Twenty-Third Amendment (1961)

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A number of electors of President and Vice President equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives in Congress to which the District would be entitled if it were a State, but in no event more than the least populous State

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Disfranchisement

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the discontinuation of a franchise

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Australian Ballot

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A secret ballot is a voting method in which a voter's choices are confidential

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Activist

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one who is politically active in the role of a citizen

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Demographics

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the characteristics of human populations for purposes of social studies

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Political Culture

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An overall set of values widely shared within a society.

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political ideology

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A coherent set of beliefs about politics, public policy, and public purpose. It helps give meaning to political events, personalities, and policies.

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equality of opportunity

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A policy statement about equality holding that the rules of the game should be the same for everyone. Most of our civil rights policies over the past three decades have presumed that equality of opportunity is a public policy goal

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equality of results

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making certain that people achieve the same results

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civic duty

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a belief that one has the obligation to participate in civic and political affairs

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progressive culture

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belief that personal freedom and solving social problems are more important than religion

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orthodox culture

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belief that morality and religion ought to be of decisive importance

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political efficacy

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one's own influence or effectiveness on politics

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silent majority

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an unspecified large majority of people in a country or group who do not express their opinions publicly

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Socio-Economic Status

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an economic and sociological combined total measure of a person's work experience and of an individual's or family’s economic and social position relative to others, based on income, education, and occupation

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Christian Coalition

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a US Christian advocacy group

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Liberal

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favorable to or in accord with concepts of maximum individual freedom possible, esp. as guaranteed by law and secured by governmental protection of civil liberties

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Conservative

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disposed to preserve existing conditions, institutions, etc., or to restore traditional ones, and to limit change

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Libertarian

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conservative on economic matters and liberal on social ones

-want a small weak gov't
-maximization of liberty both socially and economically

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Populist

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liberal views on economics and conservative views on social matters.

-strong gov't
-reduced economic inequality
-regulated business
-stricter social and criminal sanctions

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New Class

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the privileged ruling class of bureaucrats and Communist Party functionaries which typically arises in a Stalinist Communist state

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New Deal Coalition

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the alignment of interest groups and voting blocs that supported the New Deal and voted for Democratic presidential candidates from 1932 until approximately 1968

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Random Sample

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method of selecting from a population in which each person has an equal probability of being selected

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Sampling Error

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the difference between the results of random samples taken at the same time

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Weighting

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emphasising some aspects of a survey to give them more "weight" than another portion

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Quota Sample

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biased selection, non random

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Focus Groups

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a group of people in which peeple are asked about their attitudes towards (something)

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Instant Response Polling

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a type of polling currently being used by the media and online --> instant results