1Gross Anatomy Lect - Vertebral Column & G.a.s. Ch. 2 (P. 56-86)

Front 1

intervertebral foramina

Back 1

transmit the spinal nerves from the vertebrae

Front 2

What innervates the deep muscles of the back and the skin of the back; Also posterior head and neck?

Back 2

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Front 3

Extrinsic back (superficial and intermediate) and
Upper & Lower limbs
are NN by what?

Back 3

ventral rami of spinal nerves

Front 4

*dermatome

Back 4

region of skin NN by a single spinal nerve

Front 5

Is the vertebral column a part of the axial or appendicular skeleton?

Back 5

axial, which also includes the cranium, rib cage, sternum; appendicular is all other bones

Front 6

vertebral column tapers at which vertebra

Back 6

SII

Front 7

primary curves of the vertebral column

Back 7

thoracic kyphosis and sacral ky; secondary are cervical and lumbar
think: primary, developed first

Front 8

hunchback v.s. swayback

Back 8

excessive thoracic kyphosis (contributing: poor posture, compression fracture due to osteoporosis)
v.s. excessive lumbar lordosis (contributing: poor postural habit, muscle imbalances (weak abdominal muscles), large abdomen (obesity and pregnancy))

Front 9

scoliosis

Back 9

-lateral curvature of the spine in the frontal plane; always associated with rotation
-It causes a rib hump on convex side when a person bends forward (posterior view)
-The spinous processes point toward the concavity of the abnormal lateral curvature

Front 10

scoliosis can result from:

Back 10

-congenital disorders (e.g. hemivertebra)
-muscular disorders (cerebral palsy, poliomylitis)
-idiopathic (unknown cause)

Front 11

spina bifida

Back 11

vertebral arch open; s.b. occulta, commonest: asymptomatic, tuft of hair

Front 12

type of joint for vertebral bodies and intervertebral disk

Back 12

symphysis (secondary cartilaginous)

Front 13

zygopaphysial joints are what type of joints?

Back 13

synovial, fluid filled; inner synovial membrane produces nutrient rich fluid and outer fibrous membrane confers pain (nociception) and proprioception

Front 14

inferior and superior to the vertebral bodies lies ___, before the intervertebral disk

Back 14

hyaline cartilage

Front 15

annulus fibrosis composed of what?

Back 15

layers of (fibrocartilage) concentric laminae, which consist of fibers which alternate directions for strength

Front 16

nucleus pulposis is an embryonic remnant of what?

Back 16

notocord

Front 17

In what regions is the anterior part of the intervertebral disc is thicker than the posterior?

Back 17

cervical and lumbar

Front 18

a herniated L4-L5 intervertebral disk likely compress which spinal nerve?

Back 18

L5 spinal nerve

Front 19

joints of Luschka

Back 19

-Uncovertebral joints, C3-C6
-Site of arthritic changes (spur formation)

Front 20

ligamentum flava

Back 20

-between laminae
-made of mostly elastic fibers, therefore resists flexion & aids in extension

Front 21

What aspect of intervertebral disk is vulnerable to herniation?

Back 21

posterolateral

Front 22

Regional variation in articular facet planes: cervical

Back 22

-region of most mobility
-flexion, extension, lateral bending, rotation
-this region allows most flexion

Front 23

Regional variation in articular facet planes: thoracic

Back 23

lateral bending, rotation, limited flexion extension

Front 24

Regional variation in articular facet planes: lumbar

Back 24

flexion extension, lateral bending, limited rotation

Front 25

1/2 of all cervical roation is permitted by what one joint?

Back 25

AA joint

Front 26

nodding occurs mainly due to what joint?

Back 26

atlantoccipital joint

Front 27

rupture of the transverse ligament is likely to cause what?

Back 27

spinal cord compression

Front 28

tectorial membrane is an extension of what?

Back 28

posterior longitudinal ligament

Front 29

AA joint is what type of joint?

Back 29

synovial

Front 30

How many sacral vertebrae present in lumbarization?

Back 30

4

Front 31

How many sacral vertebrae present in sacralization?

Back 31

6

Front 32

Scottie dog

Back 32

-neck: pars interarticularis
-eye: pedicle
-ear: superior articular process
-head & nose: transverse process
-legs: inferior articular processes
-body: spinous process

Front 33

spondylolysis

Back 33

-scottie dog has a collar in oblique radiograph
-fracture of pars interarticularis

Front 34

spondylolisthesis

Back 34

-scottie dog is decapitated
-bilateral fracture of par interarticularis
-anterior shift of vertebra relative to the one below

Front 35

spinal stenosis

Back 35

-abnormal narrowing of vertebral foramina
-may cause spinal cord or spinal nerve compression

Front 36

vertebral a. passes through what in cervical vertebrae

Back 36

transverse foramina of C6-C1, * skipping the transverse foramen of C7

Front 37

C3-C6

Back 37

-bifid spinous processes &
-uncinate processes

Front 38

Back 38

Front 39

If you are checking a patient for a fracture of the dens, what view clearly demonstrates the atlas and axis vertebrae with the dens?

Back 39

upper cervical AP radiograph

Front 40

Superior costal facet articulates with what?

Back 40

rib of same vertebral level, e.g. superior costal process of T2 articulates with 2nd rib

Front 41

Articular facet on transverse processes articulates with what?

Back 41

tubercle of corresponding rib

Front 42

Ribs 11 & 12 articulate with what?

Back 42

each articulates with a single costal facet of corresponding vertebra

Front 43

unique processes of lumbar vertebrae

Back 43

mammillary and accessory processes

Front 44

what sacral structure is sometimes used to deliver epidural anesthesia?

Back 44

sacral hiatus

Front 45

Where does cauda equina reside?

Back 45

sacral canal

Front 46

Does sacrum contain intervertebral foramina?

Back 46

yes, the sacral spinal nerves reside here

Front 47

Where are the costal elements of cervical and lumbar vertebrae incorporated?

Back 47

transverse processes