1A Quizlet Critical Care

Front 1

AACN

Back 1

American Association of Critical-Care Nurses

Front 2

ANA

Back 2

American Nurses Association

Front 3

HRSA

Back 3

Health Resources and Services Administration

Front 4

ICU

Back 4

Intensive Care Unit

Front 5

IHI

Back 5

Institute for Healthcare Improvement

Front 6

IOM

Back 6

Institute of Medicine

Front 7

SCCM

Back 7

Society of Critical Care Medicine

Front 8

CI

Back 8

Cardiac Index

Front 9

CO

Back 9

Cardiac Output

Front 10

CVP

Back 10

Central Venous Pressure

Front 11

ECG

Back 11

Electrocardiogram

Front 12

L/min/m2

Back 12

Liters/Minute/Square Meters

Front 13

MAP

Back 13

Mean Arterial Pressure

Front 14

PA

Back 14

Pulmonary Artery

Front 15

PAWP

Back 15

Pulmonary Artery Wedge Pressure

Front 16

PVR

Back 16

Pulmonary Vascular Resistance

Front 17

RA

Back 17

Right Atrial

Front 18

RAP

Back 18

Right Atrial Pressure

Front 19

RV

Back 19

Right Ventricle; Right Ventricular

Front 20

SaO2

Back 20

Oxygen Saturation

Front 21

ScvO2

Back 21

Central Venous Oxygen Saturation

Front 22

SV

Back 22

Stroke Volume

Front 23

SvO2

Back 23

Oxygen Saturation of Venous Blood

Front 24

SVR

Back 24

Systemic Vascular Resistance

Front 25

(Define:) Absolute refractory period

Back 25

The brief period during depolarization of the cardiac cell membrane when the cardiac cells iwll not respond to further stimulation.

Front 26

(Define:) Accelerated rejection

Back 26

The recipient has been sensitized to some of the donor antigens.

Front 27

(Define:) Acute coronary syndrome

Back 27

Umbrella term used to describe conditions that cause cheast pain due to inadequate blood flow to the myocardium.

Front 28

(Define:) Acute lung injury

Back 28

Considered the pulmonary symptom of multiple organ dysfuntion syndrome (MODS). The most severe form of ALI is acute respiratory dystress syndrome (ARDS).

Front 29

ALI

Back 29

Acute lung injury

Front 30

MODS

Back 30

Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome

Front 31

(Define:) Acute rejection

Back 31

A cell-mediated immune response that results in T lymphocytes infiltrating the donated organ and damaging it by secreting lysosomal enzymes and lymphokines.

Front 32

ARDS

Back 32

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

Front 33

(Define:) Acute respiratory distress syndrome

Back 33

The most severe form of acute lung injury.

Front 34

(Define:) Acute respiratory failure

Back 34

Failure of the pulmonary system to provide sufficient exchange of oxygen to supply the body's demands.

Front 35

(Define:) Advance directives

Back 35

Allow competent patients to indicate in advance the kind of health care treatment they would desire, should they become incapacitated at the end of their lives.

Front 36

(Define:) Adverse effect

Back 36

Injury caused by medical management rather than the underlying condition of the patient.

Front 37

(Define:) Afterload

Back 37

The pressure (resistance) against which the right or left ventricle has to pump to eject the blood.

Front 38

(Define:) Airways

Back 38

(Nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal); designed to hold the tongue away from the pharynx, preventing occlusion of the upper airway.

Front 39

(Define:) Alcohol withdrawal syndrome

Back 39

Withdrawal of the depressant effects of alcohol that results in excitability of the cnetral nervous system.

Front 40

(Define:) Alcoholic hallucinosis

Back 40

The patient experiences perceptual disturbances -- usually visual, auditory, or tactile phenomena -- without sensorial alterations. The patient is fully conscious, aware of the environment, acknowledging that the hallucinations are related to the substance dependence and withdrawal.

Front 41

(Define:) Anabolic hormone

Back 41

A hormone that synthesizes simple hormones into a more complicated hormone. Insulin is one.

Front 42

(Define:) Angina pectoris

Back 42

An oppressive pain or pressure in the chest caused by inadequate oxygenation and blood flow to the heart muscle.

Front 43

(Define:) Angioedema

Back 43

Swelling of the skin and mucous membranes.

Front 44

(Define:) Anxiety

Back 44

A subjective feeling of distress and anguish

Front 45

(Define:) Ascites

Back 45

The accumulation of a large amount of protein-rich fluid in the peritoneal cavity.

Front 46

(Define:) Astrocytomas

Back 46

The most common types of malignant brain tumors

Front 47

(Define:) Atherosclerosis

Back 47

The most common form of arteriosclerosis marked by cholesterol-lipid-calcium deposits in the walls of the arteries.

Front 48

(Define:) Atrioventricular node

Back 48

A pacemaker of the heart that is part of the electrical conduction pathway between the atria and ventricles and which, if not stimulated from the SA node, can spontaneously generate electrical impulses at a rate of 40 to 60 beates per minute.

Front 49

(Define:) Atutomaticity

Back 49

The ability of certain cardiac cells to spontaneously initiate an electrical impulse

Front 50

(Define:) Beck's triad

Back 50

Signs seen with a pericardial tamponade that include hypotention, distended neck veins, and muffled heart sounds.

Front 51

(Define:) Brain death

Back 51

The irreversible loss of function of the brain, including the brainstem.

Front 52

(Define:) Brain tumors

Back 52

Classified as primary or metastatic. Most metastatic arise from the lungs, breast, and skin. Primary may be either benign or malignant.

Front 53

(Define:) B-type natriuretic peptide

Back 53

A peptide released in response to increased ventricular filing pressures. Normal levels are 0 to 100 pg/mL

Front 54

(Define:) Bundle of His

Back 54

The initial part of the ventriclular conduction system that penetrates the AV values, and then bifurcates into the right and left bundle branches to bring electrical stimulation to the right and left ventricles.

Front 55

(Define:) Carbohydrates

Back 55

Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.

Front 56

(Define:) Cardiac cycle

Back 56

The sequence of events related to the flow of blood from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next.

Front 57

(Define:) Cardiac index

Back 57

Cardiac output divided by the body surface area

Front 58

(Define:) Cardiac output

Back 58

The volume of blood ejected by the left ventricle every minute, determined by heart rate and stroke volume.

Front 59

(Define:) Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Back 59

Provision of ventilation and compressions in an effort to sustain life.

Front 60

(Define:) Cardioversion

Back 60

Electrical shocks throught the chest wall and heart that are synchronized with the QRS complex of the patient's cardiac rhythm

Front 61

(Define:) Central venous pressure

Back 61

Meausres the right-sided preload via a catheter placed in a central vein such as the subclavian or internal juglular.

Front 62

ARDS

Back 62

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

Front 63

ARF

Back 63

acute respiratory failure

Front 64

AV

Back 64

atrioventricular

Front 65

CVP

Back 65

central venous pressure

Front 66

What is normal CVP?

Back 66

2 to 6 mm Hg (mean)

Front 67

(Hemodynamic Calculations:) Pulse pressure

Back 67

Systolic pressure - diastolic pressure

Front 68

(Hemodynamic Calculations:) Mean arterial pressure (MAP)

Back 68

MAP = [(systolic pressure )+(diastolic pressure x 2)] / 3

Front 69

(Hemodynamic Calculations:) Cardiac output

Back 69

Heart rate x stroke volume

Front 70

(Hemodynamic Calculations:) Cardiac index

Back 70

cardiac output / body surface area

Front 71

(Hemodynamic Calculations:) Stroke volume

Back 71

cardiac output x 1000 / heart rate

Front 72

(Normal Values:) MAP

Back 72

70 - 105 mm Hg

Front 73

(Normal Values:) Cardiac output

Back 73

4 - 8 L/min

Front 74

(Normal Values:) Cardiac index

Back 74

2.8 - 4.2 L/min/m2

Front 75

(Normal Values:) Stroke volume

Back 75

60 - 100 mL/beat

Front 76

What does a Tachycardic rhythm do to CO?

Back 76

Tachycardic rhythms shorten the time in diastole when the heart fills, therefore reducing the amount of blood available for ejection, thus lowering CO.

Front 77

What does a Bradycardic rhythm do to CO?

Back 77

Bradycardic patients have a reduced CO simply due to reduced ejection time.

Front 78

What are the primary factors that determine Stroke Volume?

Back 78

preload, afterload and contractility