1A: Dt 1 - 3

Front 1

Hyperextension of neck:
Innervation affected
Examples of such a situation
Manifesting Symptom

Back 1

Affects upper trunk

MVA to shoulder, birth trauma

Erb-Duchenne Palsy (waiter's tip); paralysis of abductors, arm is medially rotated

Front 2

Situation where C7 root is compressed.

Back 2

Herniated disc

Front 3

Surgical neck (humerus) fracture affects this nerve.

Back 3

Axillary nerve injury

Front 4

Dislocation of humerus affects this nerve.

Back 4

Axillary nerve

Front 5

IM injections can affect this nerve.

Back 5

Axillary Nerve

Front 6

Axillary nerve innervates ______.

What does this muscle group do?

Back 6

Axillary nerve innervates deltoids

Results in abduction

Front 7

Midshaft fracture of humerus affects this nerve.

Back 7

Radial nerve in spiral groove

Front 8

Lower trunk of brachial plexus:
Situations that would compress it
Manifesting Symptom

Back 8

Cervical rib
Pancoast tumor of the lung

Results in Klumpke's Palsy (total claw hand) and Thoracic Outlet Syndrome:

Front 9

What is thoracic outlet syndrome?

Causes?

Back 9

due to child birth defect or to compression of lower trunk of brachial plexus;
-atrophy of thenar/hypothenar eminences (palm near thumb)
-atrophy of interosseous muscles
-sensory defects of medial forearm/hand
-disappearance of radial pulse when moving head to opposite side

Front 10

Incorrect use of crutch in axilla affects this nerve.

Back 10

Affects radial nerve

Same effect if drunk and lay over a bench (leads to Saturday night palsy)--WRIST DROP

Front 11

Supracondylar fracture of humerus affects this nerve.

Back 11

Median nerve

Front 12

Fracture of medial epicondyle of humerus affects this nerve.

Back 12

Ulnar nerve

Front 13

Repeat minor trauma affects this nerve.

Back 13

Ulnar nerve

Front 14

This nerve is compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome.

Back 14

Median nerve

Front 15

Superficial laceration of the palm affects this nerve.

Back 15

Recurrent branch of median nerve

Front 16

Trauma to the heel of the hand affects this nerve.

Back 16

Ulnar nerve

Front 17

Fracture of the hook of hamate affects this nerve.

Back 17

Ulnar nerve

Front 18

Radial Nerve:
What does it innervate?
What is seen with damage?

Back 18

Radial nerve innervates the BEST extensors:
Brachioradialis
Extensor of wrist and fingers
Supinators
Triceps; will see WRIST DROP

SATURDAY NIGHT PALSY

Front 19

Ulnar Nerve:
What does it innervate?
What is seen with damage?

Back 19

CLAW HAND (2nd and 3rd fingers remain straight, 4th and 5th are flexed)
Can't adduct thumb
Can't adduct/abduct fingers (lose interosseous mm)

Front 20

Median Nerve:
What is seen with damage?

Back 20

Innervates pronation; can't pronate if damaged

Leads to bishop's hand, pope's hand--4th and 5th digits are clawed

Ape's hand: can't oppose thumbs (it innervates thenar muscles); can only abduct/adduct thumb. can't touch fingers with thumb.

Carpal Tunnel

Front 21

An elderly woman with chronic osteoarthritis and diffuse pain presents with numbness and tingling over lateral digits that radiates up to elbow. Exam reveals wasting of thenar eminence.

Diagnosis?

Back 21

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Front 22

Musculocutaneous nerve:
What is seen with damage?

Back 22

Extensory (innervates biceps, brachialis); innervates skin of lateral forearm

Damage:
Weak arm and forearm extension
Weak forearm supination
Weak arm flexion
Loss of sensation to lateral forearm

Front 23

Median nerve

Back 23

Thumb, pronators

Front 24

Distal Ulnar Nerve Injury

Back 24

Distal Ulnar Nerve lzn: ulnar canal syndrome--lose medial lumbrical function; 4th and 5th digits are clawed.

Front 25

Inability to extend 4th and 5th digits.

Back 25

Claw hand--distal ulnar nerve lzn

Front 26

Inability to flex 1st and 2nd digits.

Back 26

Median nerve lesion--pope's blessing

Front 27

Inability to extend 1st and 2nd digits.

Back 27

Median Claw--median nerve injury

Front 28

Inability to flex 4th and 5th digits.

Back 28

Proximal ulnar nerve injury.

Front 29

This nerve innervates interosseus muscles.

Back 29

Ulnar

Front 30

Claw hand

Back 30

ulnar nerve injury

Front 31

Ape hand

Back 31

Unopposed thumbs
median hand

Front 32

Wrist drop

Back 32

Radial nerve

Front 33

Scapular winging

Back 33

Long thoracic nerve (innervates serratus anterior)

Front 34

Unable to wipe bottom

Back 34

Humerus exention, adduction, medially rotating--all controlled by lattisimus dorsi

Thoracodorsal nerve

Front 35

Loss of forearm pronation

Back 35

Median nerve

Front 36

Cannot adduct or abduct fingers

Back 36

Ulnar nerve

Front 37

Loss of arm abduction.

Back 37

Axillary nerve to deltoid

Front 38

Weak lateral rotation of arm.

Back 38

Suprascapular nerve innervating infraspinatus

Can also be axillary (goes to deltoids).

Front 39

Loss of arm/forearm flexion.

Back 39

Musculocutaneous nerve (innervates biceps, coracobrachialis etc)

Front 40

Loss of forearm extension.

Back 40

Radial

Front 41

Trouble initiating arm abduction.

Back 41

Initial abduction = supraspinatus

Innervated by suprascapular nerve.

Front 42

Unable to abduct beyond 10 degrees.

Back 42

Deltoid--axillary nerve

Front 43

Unable to abduct beyond horizontal.

Back 43

Serratus anterior--long thoracic nerve

Trapezius--spinal accessory nerve

Front 44

Shaft of humerus

Back 44

radial nerve

Front 45

Surgical neck of humerus

Back 45

axillary nerve

Front 46

Supracondyle of humerus

Back 46

median

Front 47

Medial epicondyle

Back 47

ulnar

Front 48

Anterior shoulder dislocation

Back 48

Axillary; runs with posterior circumflex artery!

Front 49

Injury to carpal tunnel

Back 49

Median nerve

Front 50

Adolescent falls, injurs his elbow, and can't feel the medial part of his palm.

Which nerve?
What injury?

Back 50

Medial epicondyle

Ulnar nerve injury

Front 51

Athlete falls on arm. Radiograph shows midshaft break on humerus.

Which nerve and artery have highest risk of being damaged?

Back 51

Radial Nerve

Deep brachial artery

Front 52

Abdominal pain
Ascites
Hepatomegaly
No JVD

Back 52

Budd-Chiari Syndrome (posthepativ venous thrombosis)

Front 53

Achilles tendon xanthoma

Back 53

xanthoma = fat under skin

Familial hypercholesterolemia (low LDL receptor signaling)

Front 54

Adrenal hemorrhage
Hypotension
DIC

Back 54

Waterhouse-Friderichsen (meningococcemia)

Front 55

Arachnodactyly
Lens dislocation
Aortic dissection
Hyperflexible Joints

Back 55

Marfan's Syndrome
(Fibrillin defect)

Front 56

Athlete with polycythemia

Back 56

EPO injections

Front 57

Back pain
Fever
Night sweats
Weight loss

Back 57

Pott's Dz--Vertebral TB

Front 58

Bilateral Hilar Adenopathy
Uveitis

Back 58

Sarcoidosis

Front 59

Blue Sclera

Back 59

Osteogenesis Imperfecta--type I collagen defect

Front 60

Bluish line on gingiva

Back 60

Burton's line (Lead poisoning)

Front 61

Bone pain
Bone enlargement
Arthritis

Back 61

Paget's disease of bone (inc'd oblast and oclast activity)

would have inc'd alkaline phosphatase (signal of bone breakdown?)

Front 62

Bounding pulses
Diastolic Heart Murmur
Head Bobbing

Back 62

Aortic regurgitation

Head bobbing = sign of bounding pulses

Front 63

Cafe au lait spots
Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma)

Back 63

Hamartoma = normal tissue in abnormally high quantities

Assocd w/neurofibromatosis I, II

Front 64

Cafe au lait spots
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
Precocious puberty

Back 64

McCune-Albright

Front 65

Calf pseudohypertrophy

Back 65

Duchenne's MD
Becker's MD

Front 66

Cherry red spot on macula

Back 66

Tey Sachs
Niemann-Pick
Central Retinal artery occlusion

Front 67

Chest pain
Pericardial effusion/friction rub
Persistent fever following MI

Back 67

Dressler's syndrome (autoimmune post MI fibrinous pericarditis)

Front 68

Child uses arms to stand up from squat

Back 68

Gower's sign (Duchenne)

Front 69

Child with fever develops red rash on face that spreads to body

Back 69

Erythema infectiosum AKA
Parvovirus B19 (fifth disease)

Front 70

Chorea
Dementia
Caudate Degeneration

Back 70

HD (AD CAG repeat expansion)

Front 71

Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia
Fatigue
Painful cramps

Back 71

McArdle's dz (muscular dystrophy)

Front 72

Cold intolerance

Back 72

Hypothyroidism

Front 73

What diseases are associated with a decrease in ACh?

Back 73

HD
AD

Front 74

This disease is filled with Cs.

What C's?

Back 74

Chorea
Crazy (dementia)
Caudate degeneration
CAG repeats
Choline (ACh decrease)

Subsequent degenerations develop disease earlier (anticipation)

Front 75

What disease is associated with an increase in ACh?

Back 75

PD

Front 76

Conjugate lateral gaze palsy
Horizontal diplopia

Back 76

Conjugate lateral gaze palsy:
Ask patient to look right; adducting eye will stay still
Abducting eye will shift over w/nystagmus

On frontward gaze, can focus on finger

Cause: Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; bilateral = MS, unilateral = stroke)

Front 77

Continuous machinery heart murmur

Back 77

Patent ductus arteriosus

Front 78

Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition

Back 78

Myxedema (hypothyroidism, Graves)

Front 79

Dark purple skin/mouth nodules

Back 79

Kaposi's sarcoma (usually AIDS patients; assocd w/HHV-8)

Front 80

Deep labored breathing
Hyperventilation

Back 80

Kussmaul breathing; seen in DKA

this is body's way of trying to correct acidosis that goes along with DKA

Front 81

Dermatitis
Dementia
Diarrhea

Back 81

Vitamin B3 deficiency

Front 82

Dilated cardiomyopathy
Edema
Polyneuropathy

Back 82

Wet beriberi--thiamine (B1) deficiency

Front 83

Dog or cat bite resulting in infection

Back 83

Pasteurella (cellulitis at inoculation site)

Front 84

Dry Eyes
Dry Mouth
Arthritis

Back 84

Sjögren's syndrome

Front 85

Dysphagia due to esophageal webs
Glossitis
Iron deficiency anemia

Back 85

Plummer-Vinson syndrome--may progress to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Front 86

Elastic skin
Hypermobility of joints

Back 86

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (collagen defect, type III usually)

Front 87

Type I Collagen Defect

Back 87

OI

Front 88

Enlarged hard left supraclavicular node

Back 88

Virchow's node--abdominal metastasis

Front 89

Erythroderma
LAD
HSM
Atypical T Cells

Back 89

Sezary Syndrome (cutaneous T cell lymphoma) or mycosis fungoides

Front 90

Facial muscle spasm upon tapping

Back 90

Chvostek's sign due to HYPOcalcemia

Front 91

Fat
Female
Forty
Fertile

Back 91

Cholelithiasis (bile duct blockage)

Front 92

Fever
Chills
HA
Myalgia following abx for syphilis

Back 92

Jarisch-Herxheimer Rxn--rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release

Front 93

Fever
Cough
Conjunctivitis
Coryza
Diffuse Rash

Back 93

Note: Coryza = head cold

This is measles (morbillivirus)

Front 94

Fever
Night Sweats
Weight Loss

Back 94

B syx (lymphoma)

Front 95

Fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis

Back 95

Peyronie's dz

Front 96

Gout
MR
Self-mutilating behavior
Boy

Back 96

Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome--HGPRT deficiency (purine salvage PW)

Front 97

Green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea

Back 97

Kayser-Fleischer rings (copper accumulation from Wilson's Dz)

Front 98

Hamartomatous GI polyps
Hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands

Back 98

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (genetic benign polyposis; can cause bowel obstruciton; inc'd cancer risk)

Front 99

HSM
Osteoporosis
Neuro Syx

Back 99

Gaucher's Dz--crinkled tissue paper cytoplasm

Front 100

Hereditary nephritis
Sensorineural hearing loss
Cataracts

Back 100

Alport's Syndrome (type IV collagen mutation)

Front 101

Type IV Collagen Mutation

Back 101

Alport's Syndrome

Front 102

Can't see
Can't pee
Can't hear

Back 102

Alport's syndrome

Front 103

Hypercoagulability leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis

Back 103

Trousseaus's sign--adenoca of pancreas or lung

Front 104

Latent tetany

Back 104

Hypocalcemia (other Trousseau's sign)

Front 105

Hyperphagia
Hypersexuality
Hyperorality
Hyperdocility

Back 105

Kluver-Bucy syndrome--bilateral amygdala lzn

Front 106

HTN
Hypokalemia
Metabolic Acidosis

Back 106

Primary hyperaldosteronism

Front 107

Hypotension
Hyperkalemia
Metabolic Alkalosis

Back 107

Adrenal insufficiency (low aldosterone)

Can be caused by Waterhouse-Friedrichson (adrenal hemorrhage), sprinolocatone

Front 108

Hypoxemia
Polycythemia
Hypercapnia

Back 108

Blue bloater--chronic bronchitis (hyperplasia of mucus cells)

Front 109

Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion

Back 109

Nonpainful: chancre--syphilis
Painful: chancroid--haemophylis ducreyi