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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is arterial insufficiency?
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a lack of arterial supply to organs or tissues will result in a lack of oxygen to that area will result in cell death, and ultimatly tissue death or dysfunction.
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What is the importace of O2 blood getting to tissues?
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-o2 delivery
-nutrient/waste exchange -cell replication and growth -tissue function -wound healing |
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What happens when a tissue is deprived of arterial blood?
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it may break down or lsoe function resulting in pain or ulcerations in the affected area. May finally die and become gangranous.
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What happens as arterial disease progresses?
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arteries become more occluded not allowing them to dialate when a muscle needs more oxygen. This causes pain and inability to exercise that muscle. As the disease progresses, muscel tissue watses, ulcers form and become infected and die.
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What are some symptoms of arterial disease in the extremity?
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-gradual onset of symptoms
-pale extremity -poor tissue healing -claudation -unpalpable or weakly palpable pusles -lack of hair, scaly skin, thick toenails. |
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What is an embolic event?
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the obstruction of a blood vessel by a foreign substance or blood clot
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what is an emboli?
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may be solid, liquid or gaseous, and may arise from the body or enter from another source.
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what frequently causes emboism?
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plaque breaking loose and traveling until it lodges into a small vessel.
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what are the 2 major causes of acute occlusion in the extremity?
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-thrombosis close to high grade stenisis from atheromatous plaque
-emboli from a proximal site with associated throbus within the lumen |
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what are the symptoms of acute arterial occlusion?
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the 5 p's
-pain -pallor -pulselessness -paresthesis -paralysis |
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why is the acute phase of clot formation in veins critical?
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it is at this time that thrombus is most suseptable to moving away and potentially lodging in the lungs.
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what does acute refer to?
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the first 14 days after onset of thrombus formation
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chronic
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generally referring to a long term process. After 6 months
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subacute
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general term used to describe a time period of weeks up to 6 months.
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DVT
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deep vein thrombosis-the presence of thrombus within the deep venous system.
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Thrombus
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formation or presence of a blood clot
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what are some symptoms of venous disease?
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-bluish leg
-brownsh discoloration of the lower leg -edema -caricosed or prominant superficial veins. -achy legs -ulcers |
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What is stroke?
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an event where the brain tissue is deprived of oxygen causes ishemia to brain cells and neuronal loss.
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What are some cauases of stroke?
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oxygen deprevation usually caused by :
-interuption of arterial flow -sometimes caused by venous thrombosis |
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What are thrombotic strokes caused by?
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a bluid up of plaque and thrombus within the artery resulting in a reduction of arterial flow to the braiin. This usually takes a long time(years)
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what are the symptoms of thrombotic strokes?
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symptoms are subtle or non-existant due to collaterals
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Where may thrombotic disease develop?
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in large arteries such as the CCA, ICA, or circle of willis.
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What is a lacunar stroke? What is the cause.
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occlusion of small arteries. Lipid and fibrin build up due to agining and hypertension causes this.
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what is embolous?
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a traveling substance through the blood formed from remote substances such as plaque, diseased heart valve, fat, cancer cells. may originate from endocarditis.
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What are symptoms of embolic stroke?
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they are sudden and pronounced:
-loss of control, function, or sensation - |
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where are the sources of an embolic stroke usually found?
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from a cardiac or arterial source.
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what is watershed?
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brain tissue supplied by the small end arteries or branches most distal from large arteries.
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what is a watershed stroke caused by?
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general hypoperfusion such as:
-large artery occlusion -systemic hypotension(shock) -cardiac failure |
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what is a venous thrombus stroke?
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intracranial thrombus may cause stroke due to extensive inttracrandial pressure fromt eh backup of blood through the cerebral casculature.
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What is a hemorrhage?
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blood is released into surrounding tissue instead of to target tissue. The intended tissue is deprived of oxygen and the tissue where the pool is is also deprived of oxygen becasue the blood impinges of the tissue.
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What are intracerebral hemorrhages caused by?
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originate in small arteries and caused by:
-hypertension -ilicit drug use(cocane) -trauma -bleeding disorders. |
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What are subarachnoid hemorrhages?
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a rupture of larger artery into the cerebrospinal fluid of the subarachnoid space. They are caused by intracerebral aneurysms or arterial malformations.
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What is a transient ischemic attack?
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mini stroke:
symptoms only last 1 hour to a day. It is considered a prelude to a stroke |
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What is RIND?
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reversable ischemic neurologic deficit:
Stroke symptoms last longer than 24 hours but rapidly improve to full function. |
