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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Congress of Vienna |
Disrupted by Napoleon's return. Britain, Russia, Austria, Prussia, France were dominant. . Legitimacy used to restore monarchs. Netherlands~united provinces under House of Orange. Klemens von Metternich was important at congress.Legitimacy used to restore monarchs.Netherlands~united provinces under House of Orange.German Confederation~ 39 states; Federal diet=unanimous approval; first attempt at German unification.Switzerland~ created.Sardinia~ +Piedmont and GenoaAustrians~ +Lombardy and Venetia German Confederation~ 39 states; Federal diet=unanimous approval; first attempt at German unification. Switzerland~ created. Sardinia~ +Piedmont and Genoa Austrians~ +Lombardy and Venetia |
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Conservatives |
Extremely wealthy and nobility Favored monarchies |
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Liberals |
Professionals and middle class More power to legislatures Laissez faire Government must protect civil liberties |
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Radicals |
Elements of working class Violent and swift change away from central authority Socialism~ middle ground between Marxism and capitalism. |
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Nationalism |
Becomes prevalent |
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Romanticism |
Emphasis on individual Nature Glorification of past Nationalism |
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Charles X |
France. Overthrown. Tried to reestablish absolutism. Censored press and disbanded legislature. |
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Louis Philippe |
Replaces Charles X. "Citizen king". Refuses political reforms. Abdicates and flees. |
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Louis Napoleon Bonaparte |
Republican government can't maintain order. He is elected president thru popularity. Elected Napoleon III, emperor of France. Metternich furious |
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Revolutions of 1848 |
Nationalists and liberals ready for change. Every country be sure Britain and Russia undergoes Revolution. -reform act gave Britain most representative government. -Russia had no middle class to lead revolution. Monarchs grant concessions and flee. Metternich resigns. Infighting. Eventual only France actually changes its government. |
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Giuseppe Mazinni |
Attempts to unify Italy. Fails. |
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Camillo di Cavour |
Italy. PM. Realpolitik. Practicality>romanticism. Signs defensive alliance with France against Austrians. Gets Nice and Savoy. Proved Austria into attacking Sardinia. French crush Austrians. Sardinia gains Lombardy. Victor Emmanuel II named King of Italy. Garibaldi and the Red Shirts~ nationalistic group. Cavour convinces them to support Victor Emmanuel. Cavour allies with Prussia against Austria in 7 Week War. Gets Venetia. Papal states joins Italy but Vatican is an exclusive jurisdiction of the Pope. |
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Otto von Bismarck |
Chancellor of Prussia/Germany William I was kaiser. Bismarck gains German working class support thru concessions. -social insurance -pensions Reforms militsry. Prussia and Austria declare war on Denmark. Prussia gains Schleswig and Austria gains Holstein. Prussia defeats Austria in 7 Week War. Bismarck draws Austria into attacking Prussua. Railroad gives Prussia advantage. Austria withdraws from German Confederation; agrees to dual monarchy with Hungary. |
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Franco-Prussian War |
Napoleon III provoked into attacking Prussia by Bismarck. Wants to unite German Catholics against France. Kaiser William I has distant claim to throne of Spain. Lies to press that Napoleon insulted Prussia. Napoleon declares war. Prussia dominates. Napoleon captured. France surrenders. Alsace-Lorraine given to Germany. |
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Second Reich |
Germany. Second empire after HRE. |
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Third Republic |
France. Government is weak. More than a dozen political parties. Changes ruling party every 6 months. |
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Balance of Power |
Established in Congress of Vienna. Broken when Germany grew too powerful and Italy became a 6th power. |
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Joseph Lister |
Idea of sanitizing hospitals |
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Louis Pasteur |
Discovers bacteria Pasteurization Vaccination Anesthesia |
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Gregor Mendel |
Hereditary traits Father of genetics |
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John Dalton |
Atom |
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Dmitri Mendeleev |
Periodic table |
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Marie and Pierre Curie |
Radioactivity Atoms have internal properties |
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Albert Einstein |
Relativity E=Mc squared |
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Freud |
Unconcious mind Id-basic desires of pleasure Ego- reason and rationality Superego- society's morals |
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Female Suffrage |
Demand for women's right to vote |
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Nietzche |
Evolution to racial theories. Humans had variance. White males were dominant. Super Man Basis of many of Hitler's theories |
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Imperialism |
Establishing colonies on other continents. |
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White Man's Burden |
Manifest Destiny White men chosen by God to spread civilization |
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David Livingstone |
Claims Congo for Belgium. Wanted to help natives |
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The Great Rebellion |
India. Rumors that rifle cartridges were sealed with pork/beef fat. Soldiers rebel and seize part of East India Company. British send soldiers and exploit Muslim/Hindu split. Sikh soldiers become part of army. British government takes direct control. Resentment. Indian National Congress and Muslim League call for independence. |
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Opium War |
British get Chinese addicted to opium. Chinese lose war. Treaty of Nanking~ extraterritorial rights; spheres of influence;China divided into European trading zones. |
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Taiping Rebellion |
Starving peasants briefly get independence in Southern China. Convince government of need to modernize. Europeans gained more control US promoted Open Door policy. |
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Boxer Rebellion |
Righteous Harmony Fists try to overthrow Europeans. Defeated and forced to pay reparations |
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Meiji Era |
Tokugawa Shogunate overthrown. Scholars sent to the west. 45 years of rapid industrialization. Railroads and factories built. Modern armh. |
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Decembrists Revolt |
(Russia) Young army officers want Constantine>Nicolas for czar. Want modern constitution. Put down quickly. |
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Nicolas I |
Russia No change in Russian life. Supported landlords and nobles>farmers. Limited education. Loses Crimean war to France and Britain. |
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Crimean War |
Russia wanted to expand South into Ottoman Empire. France and Britain oppose to preserve balance of power. Poorly trained and led Russian army loses. |
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Alexander II |
Russia Blames Crimean War on failure to modernize. Frees the serfs. Half of land goes to peasants and half to landowners. Government pays for land, peasants pay heavy taxes to cover it. Landlords lose responsibilities Peasants make communities named mir's to provide community services but end up as tax collecting bodies- form zemstvos (city councils). Alexander II assassinated. |
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Alexander III |
Russia. Strengthen autocracy, orthodoxy, and nationality. Reverses and limits reforms. State sanctioned riots. |
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Nicolas II |
Russia. Wants to maintain autocracy. Worships his father's legacy. Culture expands>efforts to contain it. Industrialization. Trans Siberian railway completed. Large gap between rich and poor. Very behind the west. |
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Russo-Japanese War |
Czar Nicolas II declares war on Japan for Korea to deflect from government problems. Defeated by Japan. Entire Russian fleet is sunk. Returning soldiers and train workers begin to mutiny -stranded in Siberia. |
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Revolution of 1905 |
Bloody Sunday~ 200,000 workers March on Winter Palace. Believe Nicolas is mislead by advisors. Lead by Father Gapon. Soldiers fire and kill hundreds, wound thousands. Russians go on strike. Nicolas agrees to some reforms. People return to work after 6 months. Duma created. Land reform promised. Nicolas disband Duma after one week. No land reform. People never trust Czar again.
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Social Revolutionaries |
Believe Russia should have peasant revolution |
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Social Democrats |
Classic marxists. Factory workers will lead revolution. Menshiviks vs Bolsheviks |
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Menshiviks |
More industrialization necessary for revolution |
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Bolsheviks |
Revolution should be now. Lenin is leader. Has difficulty influencing events. |
