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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
3 Major things of the 1950's |
1. Stalin dies in 1953 2. Nikita Khrushchev took over the Soviet Union 3. Ike became president |
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Nikita Khrushchev |
-Takes over when Stalin died in 1953 -Says that Stalin was a demon -Asks the United States for "peaceful coexistence" (Russia cannot continue to spend so much $ of their GDP on guns) -He knows that Russia and the U.S. must get along because they both have the bomb. -Believes that captialism will die on its own anyways. |
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Dwight. D Eisenhower |
-5 Star General during WW1 -Supreme commander of allied forces in WW2
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Eisenhower's opinion in NSC-68 |
-Bad: Tripled our defense budget= we could not afford it
-Good: He hated communism and loved the fact that it committed us to fighting it anywhere |
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New Look Policy Part 1: |
1. Massive retaliation 2. Deterrence 3. Mutually assured destruction |
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Massive retaliation |
America promises to bomb Russia if any attack occurs within practical means. |
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Deterrence |
-Policy of prevention -The threat of nuclear war will deter the 2 superpowers from starting one -There was no such thing as a "limited nuclear war" due to the existence of the hydrogen Bomb by both the U.S. and the USSR |
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Mutually assured destruction |
If America uses the bomb and then Russia uses the bomb we will al be dead, so no one will use them. |
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John Foster Dulles |
-Even more anti-communist than he was -Ike's secretary of state -First used the term 'Massive Retaliation' -Saw the spread of communism as the most evil thing in the world -Wanted to use nukes to scare people -Brinkmanship: being able to go the the brink of war without going to far (wanted to see how far we could go) |
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Part 2: Negotiations between Ike and Khrushchev |
-Ike starts New Look Policy -Deep down he knows that he and Khrushchev must negotiate to avoid WW111 |
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1953: Austria |
-Austria is unified -After WW2, Austria was split up into 4, much like Germany. -In 1953, Austria is unified without war or real problems.
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1955: The Geneva Summit |
-First meeting between American and Soviet leaders since Potsdam -Nothing gets done, but the spirit of cooperation between these two leaders is important
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1956: Hungary |
-Hungarian people revolt and Khrushchev sends in the tanks -He was ruthless -America will not risk WW3 for people of Hungary
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1957: Developments |
-Soviets send SPUTNIK (humanities first satellite in orbit)= true scientific accomplishment -American's go crazy: they believe that the Soviets will surpass in scientific technology or launch nukes from space -We start NASA -Make students study science as part of their mandated federal curriculum in all 50 states
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Missile Gap |
ICBM: Intercontinental ballistic missile= could fly more than 10,000 miles
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Gaither Report |
1. Russia now has ICBM'S 2. Russian's have way more nukes than us 3. Known as the missile gap 4. Massive increase in defense budget |
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Reaction to Gaither |
-Eisenhower knows it is not true -Russians do not have ICBM's -Our U-2 planes show there are none -No missile gap |
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1958: Things are good again |
-America and the Soviet Union sign a ban on atmospheric testing |
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1959: Khrushchev visits Washington D.C. |
-Krusty goes back to Russia and makes the entire Soviet Union switch to corn instead of bread. |
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1960 |
-U-2 spy plane could fly at an altitude of 70,000 feet -Francis Gary Powers was sent to Russia on May Day and was shot down and was kept for 2 years in prison interrogated him. -1962= America and Russia did a prisoner exchange (showed both countries that negotiations were possible without losing face or starting WW3. |