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20 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

3 Major things of the 1950's

1. Stalin dies in 1953


2. Nikita Khrushchev took over the Soviet Union


3. Ike became president

Nikita Khrushchev

-Takes over when Stalin died in 1953


-Says that Stalin was a demon


-Asks the United States for "peaceful coexistence" (Russia cannot continue to spend so much $ of their GDP on guns)


-He knows that Russia and the U.S. must get along because they both have the bomb.


-Believes that captialism will die on its own anyways.

Dwight. D Eisenhower

-5 Star General during WW1


-Supreme commander of allied forces in WW2


Eisenhower's opinion in NSC-68

-Bad: Tripled our defense budget= we could not afford it



-Good: He hated communism and loved the fact that it committed us to fighting it anywhere

New Look Policy Part 1:

1. Massive retaliation


2. Deterrence


3. Mutually assured destruction

Massive retaliation

America promises to bomb Russia if any attack occurs within practical means.

Deterrence

-Policy of prevention


-The threat of nuclear war will deter the 2 superpowers from starting one


-There was no such thing as a "limited nuclear war" due to the existence of the hydrogen Bomb by both the U.S. and the USSR

Mutually assured destruction

If America uses the bomb and then Russia uses the bomb we will al be dead, so no one will use them.

John Foster Dulles

-Even more anti-communist than he was


-Ike's secretary of state


-First used the term 'Massive Retaliation'


-Saw the spread of communism as the most evil thing in the world


-Wanted to use nukes to scare people


-Brinkmanship: being able to go the the brink of war without going to far (wanted to see how far we could go)

Part 2: Negotiations between Ike and Khrushchev

-Ike starts New Look Policy


-Deep down he knows that he and Khrushchev must negotiate to avoid WW111

1953: Austria

-Austria is unified


-After WW2, Austria was split up into 4, much like Germany.


-In 1953, Austria is unified without war or real problems.


1955: The Geneva Summit

-First meeting between American and Soviet leaders since Potsdam


-Nothing gets done, but the spirit of cooperation between these two leaders is important


1956: Hungary

-Hungarian people revolt and Khrushchev sends in the tanks


-He was ruthless


-America will not risk WW3 for people of Hungary


1957: Developments

-Soviets send SPUTNIK (humanities first satellite in orbit)= true scientific accomplishment


-American's go crazy: they believe that the Soviets will surpass in scientific technology or launch nukes from space


-We start NASA


-Make students study science as part of their mandated federal curriculum in all 50 states


Missile Gap

ICBM: Intercontinental ballistic missile= could fly more than 10,000 miles


Gaither Report

1. Russia now has ICBM'S


2. Russian's have way more nukes than us


3. Known as the missile gap


4. Massive increase in defense budget

Reaction to Gaither

-Eisenhower knows it is not true


-Russians do not have ICBM's


-Our U-2 planes show there are none


-No missile gap

1958: Things are good again

-America and the Soviet Union sign a ban on atmospheric testing

1959: Khrushchev visits Washington D.C.

-Krusty goes back to Russia and makes the entire Soviet Union switch to corn instead of bread.

1960

-U-2 spy plane could fly at an altitude of 70,000 feet


-Francis Gary Powers was sent to Russia on May Day and was shot down and was kept for 2 years in prison interrogated him.


-1962= America and Russia did a prisoner exchange (showed both countries that negotiations were possible without losing face or starting WW3.