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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the somatic nervous system types and what do they do?
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Motor- impulses from CNS to voluntary muscles- ACh "cholinergic neuromuscular junction"
Sensory- impulses from receptors to CNS- no synapses |
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What insecticides act at the motor system?
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Nicotine, OP, carb, curare
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What are the autonomic types (involuntary)?
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Sympathetic- (adrenergic) Ach is preganglionic synaptic mediator
Adrenaline is postganglionic Parasympathetic- both pre and postganglionic nerves are CHOLINERGIC (muscarine, OP, and atropine act) |
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How is ACh synthesized??
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Choline+ acetyl-CoA-> ACh with enzyme choline acetylase
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How does ACh work?
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ACh released presynapse, then combines first with ACh receptor on postsynaptic membrane
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What are the effects of AChE inhibition on mammals versus insects?
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Mammals- excessive stimulation jitters and then paralysis of respiratory system
Insects- act on CNS at the neuromuscular junction and not cholinergic (OP and MC compounds are not toxic) |
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Draw the STRUCTURE of NICOTINE
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p. 154
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What are the two types of cholinergic receptors and what are "nicotinic" effects" and "muscarinic effects"
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Nicotinic where nicotine acts like ach, sympathetic and parasympathetic
"nicotinic effects" fasciculation and paralysis of resp. system (in insect does not affect axonal conduction) Muscarinic parasympathetic, slow heart, constrict pupils |
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How does Atropine work ??
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Ach antagonist but only muscarinic actions and some CNS blocks ACh receptors (antidote for OP and MC insecticides)
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What are the properties of nicotine?
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It's an alkaloid (contains N) and is positively charged at physiological pH and mimics ACh. They COMPETE with ACh for the receptors. gives voluntary muscle movement
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Why is imidacloprid (a neonicotinoid) important and what is it used for?
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MOST IMPORTANT synthetic insecticide in SALES- highly systemic in plants- sucking insects, aphids, and leafhoppers along with some chewing insects also flea control
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What are some analogs of imidacloprid?
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thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid
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What part of imidacloprid is for stability and which enhances potency?
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NITROIMINE is for stability and CHLOROPYRIDINYL enhances potency
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Why do neonicotinoids generally have a low mammalian tox
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neonicotinoids are the insect nAChr while nicotinoids are mammalian. They fit differently at the receptor sites
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What does Spinosyns do?
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They activate nAChR , but it has limited use because of availability use
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