• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/15

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

15 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What are the somatic nervous system types and what do they do?
Motor- impulses from CNS to voluntary muscles- ACh "cholinergic neuromuscular junction"

Sensory- impulses from receptors to CNS- no synapses
What insecticides act at the motor system?
Nicotine, OP, carb, curare
What are the autonomic types (involuntary)?
Sympathetic- (adrenergic) Ach is preganglionic synaptic mediator
Adrenaline is postganglionic

Parasympathetic- both pre and postganglionic nerves are CHOLINERGIC (muscarine, OP, and atropine act)
How is ACh synthesized??
Choline+ acetyl-CoA-> ACh with enzyme choline acetylase
How does ACh work?
ACh released presynapse, then combines first with ACh receptor on postsynaptic membrane
What are the effects of AChE inhibition on mammals versus insects?
Mammals- excessive stimulation jitters and then paralysis of respiratory system

Insects- act on CNS at the neuromuscular junction and not cholinergic (OP and MC compounds are not toxic)
Draw the STRUCTURE of NICOTINE
p. 154
What are the two types of cholinergic receptors and what are "nicotinic" effects" and "muscarinic effects"
Nicotinic where nicotine acts like ach, sympathetic and parasympathetic

"nicotinic effects" fasciculation and paralysis of resp. system (in insect does not affect axonal conduction)

Muscarinic parasympathetic, slow heart, constrict pupils
How does Atropine work ??
Ach antagonist but only muscarinic actions and some CNS blocks ACh receptors (antidote for OP and MC insecticides)
What are the properties of nicotine?
It's an alkaloid (contains N) and is positively charged at physiological pH and mimics ACh. They COMPETE with ACh for the receptors. gives voluntary muscle movement
Why is imidacloprid (a neonicotinoid) important and what is it used for?
MOST IMPORTANT synthetic insecticide in SALES- highly systemic in plants- sucking insects, aphids, and leafhoppers along with some chewing insects also flea control
What are some analogs of imidacloprid?
thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid
What part of imidacloprid is for stability and which enhances potency?
NITROIMINE is for stability and CHLOROPYRIDINYL enhances potency
Why do neonicotinoids generally have a low mammalian tox
neonicotinoids are the insect nAChr while nicotinoids are mammalian. They fit differently at the receptor sites
What does Spinosyns do?
They activate nAChR , but it has limited use because of availability use