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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Congress of Viena
When? Where? Why? |
Sept 1814- June 1815
Schonbrunn Palace To end the napoleonic warrs |
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3 goals of the Congress of Vienna
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a) to maintain the balance of power
b) ensure legitamacy C) compensation |
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Congress of Vienna was dominated by the _________ which consisted of ________ (countries
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Quadruple alliance
Great Britain Russia Austria Prussia |
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Viscount Castlereagh
from where? who replaced him later? |
British representative
duke of Wellington |
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which country was the strongest power in Europe?
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Great Britain
(see page 1) |
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What was Great Britain's goal at the congress?
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To limit French commercial interests
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Austrian Foreign minister
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Klemens von metternich
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Austria lost________ and gained ________ and ___________
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Austrian Netherlands
Lombardy and Venetia |
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Russia's representative
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Tsar Alexander I
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French Rep
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Foreign Minister Charles Tallyrand
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Alexander wanted what lands from congress?
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Poland, Half of Saxony, left band of the Rhine
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Key Prussian Representative
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Chancellor Prince Karl con Hardenberg
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First Peace of Paris
who gained what? |
Belgium and Holland united under Dutch Monarch
Prussia gained land on Frances eastern border Russia got a small Polish Kingdom and part of saxony France did not have to pay war reparations Returned France to the boundaries of 1792 *larger than those in 1789) |
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Describe the 2nd treaty of paris
What did France have to do? |
Not as generous as the first, but still generous
French borders returned to 1790 France had to pay 700 million franks France had to support an army of occupation (150,000 men) for five years |
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Describe the Hundred days, ending which treaty?
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Napoleon escaped Elba, but was defeated at Waterloo
2nd Treaty of Paris |
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1815-1848 saw a struggle between ________ and ________
to which the ideals of ________ were added later |
liberals and conservatives
nationalism |
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Liberalism opposed what and advocated what?
The many liberals, the ideal model was what? |
arbitray government
advocated the power of a monarch by the government and limiting by constitution The British system |
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3 things that Liberals wanted in early 19th century
The believed that individuals were ________ They advocated ___________ of the electorate, not ______and full democracy |
freedom of the press
assembly constitutional constraints born free, good, and capable of improvement |
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Who was the arch conservative at the Congress of Vienna?
what did he see liberalism as a threat to? |
Klemes von Metternich of Austria
he considered it a threat to stability |
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______ became the greatest and most influential philosophy of the first half of the century
This was a unifying force for two countries: _______ and _______ In polyglot _________ (country) it became a destructive force |
nationalism
Austrian Empire |
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Holy Alliance
When Who |
proposed by Alexander I proposed the Holy Alliance 1815
first attempt to stop the growth of the dual revolution proposed that the monarchs of Austria, Prusia and Russia sign a statement agreeing to uphold Christian principles of charity and peace. The alliance had little impact, despite the fact that most monarchs signed the agreement |
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The crusade against the dual revolution lasted until _____
(started with Holy Alliance in 1815) |
1848
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German Confederation
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Created by the congress
June 1815 35 states loosly joined Napoleon had dissovled Holy Roman Empire in 1806-these were in that area |
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The Federal Diet was located in _____
was dominated by _____ and _____ |
Frankfurt
Austria and Prussia |
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4 results of the Federal Diet
(Frankfurt) |
Created the Kingdom of Poland
a neutral Switzerland Belgium went to the Dutch Bourbons restored to the throne of the Kingdom of the 2 Sicilies |
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Concert of Europe years
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1815 to the Crimean war of the 1850s
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When did the Allies withdraw their troops from France? Why?
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1818, when the French paid off their war debts
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When did France join the Holy alliance?
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Congress of Aix la Chapelle
1818 |
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how did the Quadruple alliance become the Quintuple alliance?
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when France joined at the Congress of Aix la Chapelle in 1818
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The Congress System was based on 2 principles. what are they? describe them.
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balance of power- prevents any one country from becoming too powerful
legitimacy- restore and maintain traditional monarchies |
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Congress of Troppau
when? whom? What? |
1820, between Russia, Prussia, and Austria
claimed the right to interfere in the affairs of other countries to prevent revolutions Britain objected to the principle |
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Congress of Laibach
when what |
1821
authorized Austria to suppress a revolution in the Kingdom of 2 Sicilies |
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Who was the British foreign minister at the time of the Congress of Vienna?
When did he commit suicide? Who replaced him? What was the result of his death and the new guys policy? |
Castlereagh
1822 George Canning British Policy started to conflict with the congress, and they withdrew from the system |
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Monroe Doctrine
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1823 issued by USA
Warning against other European intervention in the western hemisphere |
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Who dominated the Austria and German federation?
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Klemens von Metternich
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Metternich's goal was to maintain the power of the monarchy for ________ and ______
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Francis I (1792-1835) na Ferdinand I (1835-48)
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Why was Austria considered a great power? why was it considered unpredictable?
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its size
polyglot composition |
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Why was nationalism seen as a very dangerous philosophy in Austria?
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because of its structure (plolyglot)
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Carlsbad Decrees
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Metternich persuaded the 38 German states to issue this
Cracked down on liberalism in universities and newspapers Hells yes |
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Who were the landowning aristocracy in England?
When did they lose power? |
The Tories
1830 when the Whigs won control |
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Describe the situation leading up to the Corn Law of 1815.
who did it benefit? why? |
laws had been in effect for a long time limiting the amount of corn imported.
this helped landowners, who dominated the government, make money The Corn law of 1815 halted importation of cheaper forest grains protests erupted acrosee England |
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How did the Tory government respond to protests following the Corn Law of 1815?
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they suspended the rights of assembly and Habeus corpus
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Peterloo Massacre
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August 1819 St peter's fields in manchester
peaceful demonstration by 5,000 people violently broken up 11 killed and hundreds wounded |
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6 Acts
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passed in 1819
response to Peterloo a) prohibiting demonstrations b) limiting the press C)suspending habeus corpus |
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what was the political shift during the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy?
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from moderate to conservaitve
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Why was there no Louis XVII?
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the son of Louis XVI died in prison in 1795
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Charter of 1814
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Louis XVIII
2 house parliament guarenteed basic civil liberties inc. freedom of religion |
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Who led the Ultra-Royalists?
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The count of Artois- brother of the king
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White Terror
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after 1815, thousands of Ultraroyalists refused to accept the liberal constitution of Louis XVIII
White was the color of the Bourbons |
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When did Louis XVIII die? who replaced him?
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1824
Count of Artois, his brother, Charles X |
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When did Charles X disband the national guard?
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1827
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In 1827, French liberals gained control of what?
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Chamber of Deputies
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July Ordinances
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dissolving of the Chamber of Deputies
Charlse X, 1830 disencfranchised 75% of the population ordered new elections shut down the press |
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Name 7 reasons for the success of Industrialization in Britain
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1.Available capital – thanks to the Agricultural Revolution
2.Large deposits of Iron ore and coal 3.Urban and rural areas connected by canals and/or rail 4.Deep water ports 5.Commercial domination because of colonial trade 6.Large, mobile workforce 7. Pro-business government policies (Age of Aristocracy) CDWCWBC |
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Stockton to Darlington Railway(date)
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1825
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George Stephenons' rocket became_______ in ______
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first locomotive to run on rails
1829 |
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In 1830 Britain had ____ miles of track
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400 miles
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in 1852 Britain had _____ miles of track
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6000
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by 1850, Britain was known as "__________"
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workshop of the world
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What was the population increase in Britain from 1780 to 1851?
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9 million to almost 21 million
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What prevented major European industrialization until after 1815?
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Napoleonic wars
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Luddites
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large group of workers in norhtern parts of England who smashed macninery in an ettempt to restore the traditional practices prior to mechanization
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Father of Nationalism
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Johann Gottfried von Herder
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Johann Gottfried von Herder
wrote what? |
father of nationalism
Ideas of the Philosophy of the History of the Humanities saw a sense of national identity came from shared language, history or literature |
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Another name for the "spirit of the people"
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Volkgeist
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