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34 Cards in this Set
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Thomas Jefferson |
Politics- Was the second president. He was the first president to hold office in the District of Columbia (Now Washington D.C.). During Jefferson’s presidency, he lowered debt to 23 million dollars. Also, in 1802, he signed a document called the Military Peace Establishment Act for Army. |
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War of 1812 |
Conflict- When American’s would trade with Europe, the Europeans would take Americans ships or even the citizens themselves and make them part of their army. Congress had passed an Embargo Act and stopped trade. The the non- Intercourse Act resumed trade as well. When the war finally started, the Indians fled to Canada for safety. The indians were afraid of the interference of anti war. |
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Jacksonian Democracy |
Politics- He didn’t believe in the old Democratic-Republican party. He wanted to create a democratic party to protect the citizens from the upper class. People who were in the party were from the urban unions who wanted to better working conditions and wanted the same rights. Some of the groups were complaining that the Northern manufacturers weren’t looking out for the people. Also, this party brought together people who voted as well. |
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Monroe Doctrine |
Politics- When James Madison became president, most of central America was still owned by Spain and Portugal. From 1817-1823, power moved from Mexico, Brazil, Colombia, and Peru to that part of the nation. The government felt that European countries might try to conquer them so John Adams wrote a international policy called the Monroe Doctrine. The Doctrine included that nobody would have no contact with anybody in the western hemisphere, and that nobody would interfere with the conflicts with the independent conflicts in that hemisphere. |
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Louisiana Purchase |
Westward Expansion- Between 1803 and 1848, the United States had added 828,000 square miles and acquired the Oregon Country, Texas Cession, and an additional 1.2 million square miles. The Nation had doubled in size. In the early 1800’s pioneers migrated west of the Mississippi river for better settlements. Before they left, they would determine if they should go or stay. Some traveled by land, and some traveled by water. A lot of travelers faced issues with the weather. Now that this purchase took place, they could now focus on something else besides the East coast. |
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Indian Removal Act |
Reform- This law said that Native Americans living east of the Mississippi River had to move west of the river. The law said that the Native Americans would pay for this land but did not give them the choice of staying in that region. |
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Trail Of Tears |
Immigration- The Trail of Tears is a term used to describe how the 100,000 Native Americans migrated throughout the 1830’s. Most of the Native Americans were the Cherokee in 1838-1839. President Jackson supported this policy and signed a law in 1830 called the Indian Removal Act. Throughout the 1830’s, troops from the army moved the Indian territory. During these times, the Cherokee had to walk through weather and disease. Conditions were so horrible that one-fourth of them died throughout the journey. Because it cause so much death, it was known as the Trail of Tears. |
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Whig Party |
Politics- Between 1830 and 1850, people say that president Jackson was acting like a king and taking too much power for himself. The Whigs nominated three candidates for president in 1836 but they had lost. William H. Harrison had won in 1840, John Tyler soon took his place after he died. In 1844, Whig candidate Henry Clay lost the election and Zachary Taylor a Whig was elected. The Whig party became very successful. It then broke apart over the issue of slavery though. The Whigs joined the new Republican Party which opposed slavery. While, they Whigs in the south joined the democratic party. |
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Democratic Party |
Politics- This is one of the two major political parties of the U.S.. It had the roots of the Democratic-Republican Party. The other was the Federalist Party. In the mid-1820’s they split into two groups. The Nation republicans and the Democrats. In the 1900’s, the Democratic Party became known for its support of works and minorities workers. |
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Democratic- Republican Party |
Politics- The Democratic-Republican party was one of the first two political parties in the U.S. It was formed during the administration of president Washington and was led by Thomas Jefferson. It was originally called the Republican party. It soon became known as the Democratic- Republican party later on. The other party was the Federalist party led by Alexander Hamilton. The Democratic- Republican Party supported the interest of farmed instead in manufactures and tried to protect the rights of the Constitution. The party wanted a powerful government though to protect the Constitution. Between 1792 and 1816 the party and the Federalist where the two major parties that led the nation. By 1820, the Federalist party was the weakest. Between 1815 and 1825, it was known as the era of Good Feelings. In the mid 1820’s they finally split into two groups. |
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Mexican American War |
Reform- At the beginning, Mexicans accused Americans of supporting Texas’s independence. To make everything worse, California was wanting to become a state as well. America and Mexico didn’t agree on where Texas’s border should be. Some people in the west and the east don’t agree with going to war because they know with expanding new land that slavery will also go along with the new land. The war was won by the Americans and was fought throughout many different locations in the Southwest and Mexico. After the war in 1846, General Stephen Kearny captured Mexico city after the Mexicans marched to California. They had agreed to end the war and sign a peace treaty. |
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Manifest Destiny |
Reform- In 1845, a magazine organizer used John O’Sullivan used the term Manifest Destiny because he believed that America was going to gain the land across the continent from the Atlantic ocean to the Pacific ocean. After Polk got elected, Social and economic factors took place to help westward expansion. |
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California Gold Rush |
Industrial- In January 1848, word leaked out that a man had a gold nugget in hid river. In the spring, nearly 81 million dollars was produced in 1852. It continued to grow but ended in the 1850’s. |
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Erie Canal |
Immigration- The canal stretched 363 miles linking the great lakes to the Atlantic ocean. This canal made it easier to transport goods to the Midwest and east coast. |
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Oregon Trail |
Immigration- From 1820-1840, Americans used the trail in Oregon Country to trade different goods. In the 1830’s, missionaries started traveling through the route and started spreading Christianity to the Native Americans. Eventually in the 1840’s thousands of people had settled in the west. |
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Irish Immigration |
Immigration- A large number of Irish people had left Ireland to migrate to America during the middle of the 1800’s because of poverty, starvation, and overruling of the British. During the beginning of 1845, a fungus spread throughout a potato field and started a famine. They basically depended on their potatoes and without them where poor. When the Irish arrived, they settled in the east coast by New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore. |
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German Immigration |
Immigration- In the middle of the 1800’s, Europeans immigrated over to America searching for new opportunities. When they had came over, they hadn’t had very good work conditions. They had escaped poverty, crowded cities, and low wages. They were successful when migrating over to America. They had settled in the Midwest by New York, Baltimore, Cincinnati, Saint Louis, and Milwaukee. |
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Cotton Gin |
Industrial- This machine was invented by Eli Whitney in 1793 and it was used for cleaning the seeds out of cottons plants a job that would usually be done by hand. The machine pulled the plant through with wire teeth and separated the seeds with cotton fibers. This helped speed up the process of deseeding the cotton. Also, this made the increased demand for cotton harder for farmers. |
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Lowell System |
Industrial- Francis Cabot Lowell created a system of textiles in a factory. |
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Robert Fulton |
Industrial- In 1807, Robert attempted to design a steamboat. When he launched his boat, it didn’t work as he planned. It did however travel upriver. Because of his invention, traveling upriver was done easier than it had ever been before. Later on, his boat made its way from New York to the Hudson River to Albany. While he didn’t invent the steamboat, he found a way to make the boat work more efficiently. |
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Textile |
Industrial- It was one of the first instruments used to weave cloths and fabrics during the industrial revolution. Samuel Slater opened the first textile mill in Rhode Island in 1793. |
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Telegraph |
Industrial- In the beginning of the 1800’s the telegraph was invented by Samuel F. B. Morse. Before the telegraph, it would take months to get a letter by mail. When using the telegraph, you would almost instantly get the message. |
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Socialism |
Industrial- Socialism is a political and economic system in which most property and resources, such as factories or farms, are publicly owned or controlled. |
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Locomotive |
Immigration- It is a self propelled, steam powered engine for pulling trains. |
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Temperance |
Reform- This known as the battle against alcoholic drinks. Many people thought of alcohol as domestic abuse, crime, and unhealthy. The Temperance movement began in the early 1800’s. Churches asked their congregations to stay away from liquor. Over the next 25 years, over 6,000 organizations were made to help this movement. When the Irish immigrants came over to America, the former citizens found that they drank alcohol. Some said pledge that they should all stay away from alcohol altogether. Maine became the first state to pass a law on a alcohol free state. 11 more states follow afterwards |
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Suffrage |
Reform- The right to vote for white men (blacks and women weren’t allowed to vote yet) |
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Abolition |
Conflict- When others fought to stop slavery, abolition didn’t think that the owners of slaves should lose their property. |
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Fredrick Douglas |
Reform- He had escaped from slavery in 1838 when he was 20 years old. After being freed, he spent many years reading The Liberator. Later on, he then started writing an antislavery newspaper called the North Star in 1848. In addition, he also gave many speeches about antislavery as well. |
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Harriet Tubman |
Immigration- She is one of the most famous conductors on the Underground Railroad. She had escaped slavery herself in 1849. One year later, she had came back to free her sister and two children. It had been told that Harriet returned 19 times and leading about 300 people to safety. She was so great at leading people to freedom, that she had a bond on her for $40,000 in 1856. |
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Seneca Falls Convention |
Politics- It is a convention that had 350 men and women attend that disguised why women should have the same rights as men after the Nineteenth Amendment was passed. |
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Underground Railroad |
Immigration- It wasn’t a railroad, it was actually a long escape routes and hiding places for the slaves to escape. This was a way to get the slaves from the South to the North safely without being seen. Some believe that it might have began in the late 1700’s but it began to get larger in the 1800’s. The entire railroad extended throughout 14 states and into Canada. In total, the railroad helped as many as 100,000 people. |
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William Lloyd Garrison |
Reform- He began publishing a antislavery newspaper called the Liberator. In a few years, he funded a new Anti-Slavery Society, which took the same position. Because he wrote this newspaper, he helped people get another look on antislavery. |
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Slavery |
Industrial- Slavery is a forced labor or job that can be be bought or sold. Enslaved people were where didn’t have a lot of rights or freedom. Enslaved people worked on farms called plantations. Discrimination against African Americans was cruel. They didn’t have equal rights to white men. In the beginning of the 1800’s some people in the North and South started to fight about the end of slavery. |
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Susan B. Anthony |
Politics- Susan spent most of her life fighting for women's rights. After the Fifteenth Amendment was passed, giving African American men the right to vote, she wanted women to have the same right. She helped found the Nations Woman Suffrage Association in 1869. When that one was mixing with another group in 1890, Anthony then became president of that new group until she was 80. |
