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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Trematode =
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Fluke
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Cestode =
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Flatworm
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Schistosoma infects __1__ people and kills ~ __2__ annually
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1. 200 M
2. 250,000 |
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Schistosoma species that infect liver and gut
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Mansoni
Japonicum *released in feces |
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Schistosoma species that infects the bladder
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Hematobium
*released in urine |
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Schistosoma Vector
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Water snails with Larvae
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How is Schistosoma acquired?
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contact with FRESH WATER with infested SNAILS
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Histology of Schistosoma Hematobium
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Egg with Terminal spine in urine
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Histology of Schistosoma Mansoni
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Egg with LATERAL SPINE in feces
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Histology of Schistosoma Japonicum
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Egg with VESTIGIAL SPINE in feces
*has an eosinophilic halo |
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Schistosoma:
-form that seeks a snail: _1_ -form that emerges from snail and seeks human: _2_ -form that emerges inside humans: _3_ |
1. Miracidium
2. Cercarial larva 3. Schistosomula |
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Cercarial larvae mode of entry
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Penetrate skin and cause "Swimmer's Itch" (inflammation)
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Adult form of Schistosoma
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Larger male with female in its groove
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Complications of Schistosoma Hematobium
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Hematuria
Hyrdoureter (dilated ureter) Squamous cell CA of Bladder |
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Complications with Schistosoma Mansoni
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Cirrhosis
-esophageal varices -portal hypertension -biliary obstruction Ascites = fluid in peritoneal cavity Fibrosis of Colon |
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Largest organisms (in size) of Helminths
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Cestodes (Tapeworms)
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2 life cycles of Cestodes
*which one is more dangerous? |
Beef
*Pork |
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3 parts of Adult tapeworms and their fxn's
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1. Scolex = head that attaches to intestines
2. Neck = divide to form new Proglottids 3. Proglottids = body of Strobila which can detach that contain eggs and be passes in feces |
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How are humans infected with Taenia?
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ingestion of undercooked Beef or Pork
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How is Taenia diagnosed?
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look for eggs or proglottids in the stool
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What is Cysticercosis?
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Taenia solium larvae form cysts in the BRAIN, Skeletal muscle, and EYE, heart
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Explain How Taenia Solium end up in the brain in Cysticercosis
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1. larvae ingested in undercooked pork
2. larvae mature in SI and oncospheres penetrate SI and enter bloodstream 3. Bloodstream takes T. solium to brain 4. Form cysticerci containing larvae |
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Most common symptom of Cysticercosis
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Seizures in people who have traveled to tropical places
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Echinococcus cycles between these animals
*definitive host |
sheep
goats pigs *DOGS |
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Type of cyst formed in Echinococcosis
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Hydatid cyst
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Morphology of mature Echinococcus
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Scolex with THREE proglottids = small
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Morphology of Scolex of Echinococcus
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have HOOKLETS and SUCKERS
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How is Echinocossus diagnosed?
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by SEROLOGY as opposed to feces examination
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Explain the treatment of Echinococcus
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surgical removal of hydatid cysts can cause rupture
first inject cysts with ethanol to kill echinococcus |
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Filariasis/Elephantitis etiologic agents (2)
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Wucheria bancrofti
Brugaria Malayi |
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Lymphatic filariasis is acquired via....
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mosquitos
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Pathology of elephantitis is related to _________
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lymphatic obstruction
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How is Lymphatic Filariasis diagnosed?
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blood sample taken either at dawn or dusk b/c that is when the larvae emerge in the blood
*has to do with mosquitos feeding at these times and evolution |
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Explain the pathology of Wucheria bancrofti/Brugia malayi
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1. mosquito bite releases Microfilariae into blood
2. larvae carried to lymph nodes in genitals and lower extremities 3. Larvae mature 4. adults mate and release larvae into bloodstream 5. adult worms trigger inflammation -> fever, swelling 6. repeated infections -> fibrosis -> lymphatic obstruction |
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How do you tell the difference between Brugia and Wucheria?
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by counting the # of nuclei in the Microfilaria form
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Oncocerca vector
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Black fly (Simulium)
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Clinical features of Onchocerca Volvulus
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River Blindness
itchy "leopard" rash Skin nodules |
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Oncocerca is one of the few success stories in.....
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Tropical medicine
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Merck has donated _______ for mass treatment of native population with Oncocerca Volvulus
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Ivermectin
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Oncocerca volvulus nodules are made of what?
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adults mating and releasing microfilariae
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Schistosoma Hematobium
= Terminal spine |
Specific parasite?
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Schistosoma Mansoni egg = lateral spine
-Cirrhosis/ascites -Colon fibrosis |
Specific parasite?
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Schistosoma japonicum egg
*freshwater snails |
Specific parasite?
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Schistosoma
1. Miracidium seeks snail 2. Cercarial larva emerges from snail and seeks human 3. Swimmer's itch 4. Schistosomula |
Parasite?
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Schistosomula
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Parasite?
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Schistosoma Hematobium
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Parasite that causes dilated ureter
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Schistosoma Hematobium
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Parasite that causes Bladder Metaplasia
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Schistosoma mansoni/japonicum
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Parasite that causes Cirrhosis and Ascites and is obtained from Snails
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Schistosoma mansoni
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Parasite that causes Fibrosis of Colon
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Taenia
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Tapeworm Egg?
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Taenia solium = Pork tapeworm
Cysticercosis *most common causes of seizures from travel to tropics |
Name of parasite that causes this?
What is syndrome called? |
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Echinocossus granulosus
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What are these parasites?
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Microfilarial worm
-Wucheria bancrofti -Brugia malayi |
Parasite?
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Oncocerca volvulus
-River blindness -Subcutaneous nodules |
Parasite?
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