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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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operator
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positioned within the promoter coordinates clussters of functionally related genes with "on off switch"
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operon
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the entire stretch of DNA that includes the operator, the promoter, and the genes that they control
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protein repressor
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operons can be switched off by
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corepressor
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a molecule that cooperates with a repressor protein to switch an operon off
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differential gene expression
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differences between cell types, or the expression of different genes by cells with the same genome
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histone acetylation
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acetyl groups are attached to positively charged lysines in histone tails
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DNA methylation
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the addition of methyl groups to certain bases in DNA, is associated with reduced transcription in some species, can cause long term inactivation of genes in cellular differentiation
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genomic imprinting
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methylation regulates expression of either the maternal or paternal alleles of certain genes at the start of ddevelopment
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non coding RNA
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regulates gene expression at two points: mRNA translation and chromatin configuration
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MicroRNA miRNA
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the noncoding RNAs that regulate RNA translation , Regulates mRNA, by increasing, decreasing or entirely blocking its translation
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small interfering RNAs siRNA
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noncoding RNAs that regulate chromatin configuration , Regulates chromatin configuration and also regulates mRNA just as miRNA does
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RNA interference
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Both of these miRNAs and siRNAs inhibit gene expression by targeting the RNA molecules in a process known as
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oncogenes
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cancer causing genes
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proto oncogenes
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the corresponding normal cellular genes that are responsible for normal cell growth and division
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tumor suppressor genes
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help prevent uncontrolled cell growth, repair damaged DNA, control cell adhesion, inhibit the cell cycle in the cell signalling pathways
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p53 gene
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prevent suppression of the cell cycle
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