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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is pharmacology?
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The science of drugs - their origin, kinetics, influence, and therapeutic processes.
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What is pharmacokinetics?
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Study of the bodily absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs.
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What is pharmacodynamics?
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branch of pharmacology dealing with reactions betwn drugs and living systems
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What is toxicology?
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The study of poisons and their effect and the problems involved.
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List the 4 pharmacokinetic process related to change in [drug] with time.
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-Absorption
-Distribution -Metabolism -Excretion |
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What 2 factors affect drug absorption?
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-Perfusion of the drug at its absorption site
-Polarity of the drug |
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What 3 things related to drug polarity affect drug distrbn?
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-Additional compartments that the drug has to get to (CNS)
-How fat the patient is -Metabolism/excretion |
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Drug distribution is dependent on what 2 things?
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-Polarity
-Protein binding |
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What is the Vd?
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Volume of distribution; the vol required to contain a distributed dose
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What are 4 factors that can alter the Vd?
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-Pregnency
-Edema -Obesity -Dehydration |
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What are the routes of drug elimination?
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-Liver - removes drug from circulation by chemical metabolism
-Renal - in urine |
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What is a "Narrow Therapeutic Index"?
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Refers to when therapy drug levels are very close to toxic levels
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What is an example of a drug with a very low TI?
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Lithium
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What is the "first pass effect"?
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Refers to when a drug is significantly metabolized by the liver on its FIRST pass through it; means more has to be given to reach therapeutic levels.
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What could reduce first pass effect?
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Reduced hepatic blood flow in congestive heart failure - means that more drug will be given than thought.
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What is an example of a drug whose CLEARANCE is dose-dependent?
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Phenytoin
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What is the Half-life of a drug?
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-Affected by Vd and Clearance;
-Time it takes for a drug to reach steady state level. |
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How does protein binding affect drug levels?
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-Pharmacologic effect of drug is intended for FREE drug.
-Measurement is of TOTAL drug -Increased/Decreased Protein levels will alter the amt measured AND distributed. |
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Give an example of drug interference:
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Quinidine reduces Digoxin clearance
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how many doses does it take to reach steady state drug concentration?
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5
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What is therapeutic range based on?
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Graphing Drug concentration vs. Toxicity
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What is digibind?
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Anti-digoxin antibody
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What are the aminoglycosides?
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Amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, etc.
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What are the aminoglycosides prescribed for?
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gram negative aerobes
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How are aminoglycosides toxic?
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Nephrotoxic and ototoxic - they concentrate at the kidneys during clearance.
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What are the Anti-arrythmics?
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-Procainamide
-Lidocaine -Quinidine |
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What is another name for Phenytoin?
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Dilantin
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What are the anti-convulsants?
(4) |
1. Phenytoin
2. Valproic acid 3. Phenobarbital 4. Primidone 5. Carbamezapine |
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What's another name for Carbamezapine?
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Tegretol
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What is methotrexate?
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An anti-cancer drug
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What are the anti-depressants?
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-Lithium
-Tricyclic antidepressants |
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What is Digoxin?
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A Cardiac glycoside used to increase cardiac output
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What is another name for digoxin?
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Digitoxin, Lanoxin
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What is Theophylline?
What is it prescribed for? |
-An Anti-asthmatic
-Prescribed for Bronchospasms and neonatal apnea |
