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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. Explain the concept of organ blood flow autoregulation
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a. At low pressure, organs get more flow than you would expect
b. At high BP, the flow will be lower than expected |
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2. What mechanisms play a role in autoregulation?
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a. Metabolic control
b. Myogenic control c. NO (vasodilator) |
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3. When does the heart best extract oxygen?
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a. At rest
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4. Does the heart use anaerobic glycolysis?
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a. To a very small degree
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5. How does the heart meet its oxygen demand?
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a. By increasing blood flow
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6. What are the starting and exercise blood flows from the heart (ml/min)
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a. Normal: 250
b. Exercise: 1200 |
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7. With respect to the heart, which layer(s) are the worst at autoregulation?
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a. The subendocardium
b. The middle and outer are better |
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a8. What happens to the left main coronary artery pressure during isovolumetric contraction?
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a. It is very low
i. Due to subendocardial constriction |
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9. What happens to the left main coronary artery pressure during ejection?
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a. It goes up (note that there is some valve impairment)
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10. What happens to the left main coronary artery pressure during diastole?
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a. Pressure becomes its maximum
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12. What happens to the right coronary artery pressure during systole?
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a. Constriction only during isovolumetric contraction
b. Other than that, it is mostly sustained i. Due to Less constriction of capillary bed |
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11. During the cardiac cycle, where is there most likely to be a blockage in the heart?
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a. In the left coronary artery, during the beginning of systole
i. This is due to very low pressure |
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13. What is the difference in pressure in the right coronary artery between diastole and systole?
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a. It is pretty much the same through both phases
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14. What does chronic hypertension do to cerebral blood flow
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a. The brain “resets the computer” for autoregulation
b. It shifts the autoregulation curve up c. Changes mean arterial pressure d. Can see hemorrhagic stroke |
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15. What mechanisms allow the autoregulatory effect in the brain?
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a. 1st: myogenic arteries (they contract when the artery expands)
b. 2nd: metabolic products |
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16. Is cerebral blood flow sensitive to neurotransmitters?
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a. Nopers
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17. What does edema do to cerebral blood flow?
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a. Increase in pressure will significantly impair flow
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18. What primarily controls pulmonary circulation?
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a. Oxygen
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19. What does hypoxia cause in the lung? Why?
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a. Vasoconstriction
b. Shunt blood away from poorly ventilated areas c. Put the blood where there is better gas exchange |
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20. How do skeletal muscles control blood flow? (What mechanisms)
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a. Local metabolites and autonomics
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21. What is the major determinant of total peripheral resistance (TPR)?
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a. The degree of vasoconstriction in skeletal muscle
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22. At rest, what kind of innervation is skeletal muscle getting (for blood flow regulation)
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a. Sympathetic (NE at alpha 1 receptors)
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23. What is the main form of control of skeletal muscle during exercise?
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a. Local metabolic control
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24. What is reactive hyperemia?
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a. When a muscle sustains a contraction, you are compressing down arteries
b. This mechanically reduces blood flow to the muscle c. When you relax, you get way more blood flow than it would normally get at rest d. This flushes out adenosine, K+, lactate (wastes) |
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25. What is active hyperemia?
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a. You get lactate, adenosine, and K+ build up
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26. What kind of innervation does the skin get?
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a. Dense sympathetic innervation
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27. What is the primary control for body temperature?
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a. Autonomics to the skin
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28. During exercise, what do we do to the cutaneous sympathetic tone?
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a. We inhibit it, causing dilation of arterioles
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29. Do we use local metabolic products to control dilation of skin?
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a. Nope
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30. What happens when you walk in the cold and your face is exposed
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a. Get sympathetic alpha 1 vasoconstriction
b. Pale and white looking |
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31. When you are outside exercising what happens to skin?
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a. You shut down sympathetics, cause vasodilation, get red and flushed
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32. What happens when you have trauma to the skin?
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a. Histamine is releases (vasodilator)
b. Get the triple response i. Reddened line ii. Flare (circle of red as the histamine spreads) iii. Wheal (edema) |
