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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Difference between pre/post DDT eras in terms of types, effectiveness and quantity of insecticides used. What are the discovery eras?
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1940s- chlorinated hydrocarbons
1950s- organophosphates 1960s- methylcarbamates 1970s- pyrethroids 1990s- neonicotinoids Pre DDT- insect control was moderately effective with inorganics and short residual botanicals (nicotine, pyrethrum) Post DDT- between the 40s and 50s, extremely effective and long persistence, 100million pounds a year |
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What were the problems with DDT?
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insects gained resistance
high fat solubility and bioaccumulation through residues carcinogens in mouse and rat studies |
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Four major nerve targets of insecticides?
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sodium channel
GABA gated chlorine channel AChE nAChR |
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How do respiratory inhibitors/uncouplers and insect growth regulators work?
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Insect growth regulators have to do with juvenile hormone and uncouplers inhibitors of the respiratory system....
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How do nerve poisons work and why is the nervous system so sensitive?
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Nerve poisons interrupt the passage of impulses and signals within the nervous system.
It's sensitive because of the coordination center, even short periods without coordination can be fatal. The brain cannot excrete or metabolize poisons like other tissues. |
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Explain how an electrical impulse is conducted from a nerve cell to an effector cell or another cell
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cell body--> axon--> synapse
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Difference between excitatory transmitter and inhibitory?
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Excitatory transmitter combines with postsynaptic membrane receptor (after the cleft) and causes the cell to pass an impulse or do work towards the muscle or nerve.
Inhibitory transmitter there is no passage of impulse or initiating any muscle contraction |
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What are the terms pumps, channels, and gates?
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Pump needs ATP
Channel is mediated by ions, fast downhill (passive) flux Gates are movable or control portions of the channel |
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DRAW THE STRUCTURES OF ACETYLCHOLINE AND GABA!!!
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p. 134
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Is GABA excitatory or inhibitory? it opens what ion channel?
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Inhibitory. It modulates Cl- flux (glutamic acid is the excitatory mediator in insects)
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