16-17

Front 1

Both the thymus and the pineal gland shrink afer childbirth

Back 1

true

Front 2

Thyroid hormone has a calorigenic effect

Back 2

truee

Front 3

EP is said to have a glucose-sparing effect

Back 3

true

Front 4

Cholesterol is essential for the synthesis of steroid hormones

Back 4

true

Front 5

Regardless of the cause of stress, the body reacts in a fairly consistent want to different stressors

Back 5

true

Front 6

Prostaglandins are considered paracrines

Back 6

true

Front 7

Myxedema is characerized by low metabolic rate, sluggishness and sleepiness

Back 7

true

Front 8

Fast pain is localizes response mediated by myelinated nerve fibers

Back 8

true

Front 9

Olfactio results from the stimulaton of chemoreceptors

Back 9

true

Front 10

Taste signals travel from the tongue through the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves

Back 10

true

Front 11

The ossicles belong to the middle ear

Back 11

true

Front 12

The cornea belongs to the tunica fibrosa of the eyeball

Back 12

true

Front 13

Vitamin A is necessary for the synthesis of rhodopsin

Back 13

true

Front 14

Most somesthetic signals in the right of the body reach the cerebral cortex in the controlateral primary somesthetic area

Back 14

true

Front 15

The output energy of all receptors is a type of ___ energy

Back 15

electrical

Front 16

The initial effect of a stimulus on a sensory receptor is a local electrical charge specifically called a

Back 16

receptor potential

Front 17

Sensation?

Back 17

subjective awareness of a stimulus

Front 18

Changes in cerebrospinal fluid pH are detected by

Back 18

chemoreceptors

Front 19

Changes ihn blood pressure detected by

Back 19

baroreceptors

Front 20

Yo can smell the fragrance of your deodorant when you put it on,but after a little while it fades. Explain

Back 20

The phasic nature of the sense of smell

Front 21

does NOT have nociceptors

Back 21

brain

Front 22

Pain, heat, and cold are detected by

Back 22

free nerve endings

Front 23

NOT analgesics (pain relievers) found naturally in the CND

Back 23

bradykinins

Front 24

Where do mot second-order somesthetic neurons synapse with third order neurons

Back 24

thalamus

Front 25

NOT involved with spinal gating of pain signals

Back 25

lower motor neurons

Front 26

Taste sensation produced by amino acids such as aspartic acid and glutamic acid?

Back 26

umami

Front 27

What do pheromones stimulate

Back 27

olfactory cells

Front 28

primary olfactory cortex located

Back 28

temporal lobe

Front 29

onlt sense that signals can reach cerebral cortex without passing first through the thalams

Back 29

smell

Front 30

the human ear can detect which frequiency of vibrations

Back 30

20; 20,000 Hz

Front 31

Which ostructure allows upper respiratory ifnectuons to spread from the throat to the lympanic cavity>

Back 31

the auditory tube

Front 32

stimuli produced by sound waves reac the brain

Back 32

auditory canal

tympanic membrane

ossicles

oval window

cochlear duct

spiral organ

fibers of cochlear nerve

Front 33

irreversible damage caused by loud noise

Back 33

cochlear hair cells

Front 34

upward movement of the basilar causes the stereocilia of the ineer hair cells to bend, opening ___ gates

Back 34

K

Front 35

100 dB sound of 150 Hz

Back 35

the basilar membrane to vibrate vigorously near its distal end

Front 36

spin while sitting

Back 36

semicircular ducts

Front 37

travel in an elevator

Back 37

the hair cells of the otolithc membrane of the macula sacculi

Front 38

crista ampullaris

Back 38

dynamis equilibirum in agular acceleration

Front 39

NOT contribute to the sens of equilibrium

Back 39

vallate papillae

Front 40

Human vision

Back 40

400-700

Front 41

NOT accessory structure

Back 41

cornea

Front 42

NOT considered optic

Back 42

retina

Front 43

Claucoma is a state of elevated pressure within the eye that occurs when the ____ is obstructured...

Back 43

scieral venous sinus

Front 44

Nerve fibers from all regios of the retina converge on the ____...

Back 44

optic disc

Front 45

when you view objects close to the eye...

Back 45

accommodation

Front 46

doesnt need a corrective lens to focus the image

Back 46

emmetropia

Front 47

cells responsible for photopic (day) vision as well as trichromatic (color) vision

Back 47

conews

Front 48

why do cones exhibit less neuroneal convergence than rods

Back 48

photopix vision has higher resolution than scoptic vision

Front 49

what are the only retinal cells that produce APs

Back 49

ganglion cells

Front 50

descrives te duplicity theory of vision

Back 50

a single layer of receptor system cannot produce both high sensitivity and high resolution

Front 51

first-order neurons in the visual pathway

Back 51

bipolar cells

Front 52

half of the fibers of each optic nerve decussate at the

Back 52

optic chiasm

Front 53

Adjustment to close-range vision involves all EXCEPT

Back 53

light adaptation

Front 54

The NS reacts to stimuli___

adapts ____

and has ___ effects

Back 54

quickly

quickly

specific

Front 55

_____ are secreted by one cell into the tissue flyid, diffyse to nearby cells in the same tissue and stimulate their physilogy

Back 55

paracrines

Front 56

The ____ is not an endocrine gland but it has a role in endocrine function

Back 56

kidney

Front 57

What makes a cell responsive to a particular hormone?

Back 57

the presence of a receptor for that articular hormone

Front 58

the posterior pituitary secretes

Back 58

ocytocin (OT)

Front 59

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone targets the

Back 59

anterior pituitary

Front 60

The hypophyseal portal system connects the__ with the ___

Back 60

anterior pituitary

hypothalamus

Front 61

NOT a hypothalamic hormone

Back 61

LH

Front 62

ADH targets the

Back 62

kidneys

Front 63

..which has more target cells in the body than any others

Back 63

growth hormone (GH)

Front 64

Target organs most often regular the pituitary gland via

Back 64

negative feedback inhibition

Front 65

The infundibulum is a

Back 65

projection of the hypothalamus from which the pituitary gland hangs

Front 66

____ secretion is controlled by neuroendocrine reflexes, whereas ____ secretio is controlled by negative feedback mechanisms

Back 66

oxytocin (OT)

ADH

Front 67

negative feedback inhibition occurs when

Back 67

thyroid hormone (TH) targets the anterior pituitary

Front 68

The hormone called ___ plays an important role in synchronizing...

Back 68

melatonin

Front 69

The ___ secretes seceral hormoes that stimulate the development of lymphatic organs and regulates development and activity of T cells

Back 69

thymus

Front 70

The ____ secretes a hormonethat inreases he bodys metabolic rate, promotes alertness, quickens reflexes and stimulates the fetal nerous system

Back 70

thyroid gland

Front 71

The ____ secretes a hormone as a response to hypocalcemia

Back 71

parathyroid glands

Front 72

The ___ secretes___, which promotes Na and water retention

Back 72

adrenal cortex

aldosterone

Front 73

The zona fasciculata in the adrenal gland secretes

Back 73

cortisol

Front 74

Many hours after a meal, alpha cellsa in the pancreatic islets secrete_____ which ___ blood glucose

Back 74

glucagon

rises

Front 75

NOT secreted by the pancreas

Back 75

somatotropin (growth hormone)

Front 76

has both endocrine and exocrine functions

Back 76

ovary

Front 77

NOTsteroid hormone

Back 77

insulin

Front 78

synthesized in the rough ER

Back 78

glucagon

Front 79

the absence of iodine in the diet leads to

Back 79

hypothyroidism

Front 80

T4 and T3 are ___ hormones that are mainly transported ____ in the blood

Back 80

monoamine

bound to thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG)

Front 81

enters a target cells nucleus and acts directly on the genes

Back 81

estrogen

Front 82

last step of the sequence of events happening when cyclic AMP acts as a second messenger

Back 82

enzymes are activated or deactivated by action of protein kinases

Front 83

makes it possible for even a small quantity of hormone to have a strog effect on its target cell

Back 83

enzyme amplification

Front 84

neither FHS nor testosterone can stimulate sperm production, but when together, testes can produce like 300,0000 sperm pr minute. ??

Back 84

the syngergistic effect

Front 85

the resistance stage in the genereal adaption syndrome(stress response) is dominated by

Back 85

cortisol

Front 86

exhaustation stage ...., stress overwhelms homeostatis. One characteristic of this stage is that

Back 86

energy demands are met primarily by protein metabolsm

Front 87

cortisol

Back 87

promotes breakdown of fat and protein

Front 88

initial response

mediated

Back 88

alarm reaction

noepinephrine and epinephrine

Front 89

Eicosanoidsare derived from

Back 89

arachidonic acid

Front 90

NOT a role of prostaglandins

Back 90

to stop fever and pain

Front 91

Asprin and ibuprofen block the

Back 91

acation of clycooxygenase

Front 92

diabetes inspidus is caused by

Back 92

ADH hyposecretion

Front 93

NOT a cause of cushing syndrome

Back 93

hyperactivity of the adrenal medulla

Front 94

GH hypersecretion causes gigantism when it begins in childhood, but is is more likely to cause ____ when it beings in adulthood

Back 94

acromegaly

Front 95

NOT characteristic of diabetes mellitus

Back 95

hypoglycemia

Front 96

false about diabetes mellitus

Back 96

both type I and II DM are characterized by lack of, or low levels, of insulin

Front 97

sequence of events leading to polyuria and dehydration associated with diabetes mellitus

Back 97

-hyperglycemia

-glucose enters renal tubules

-glucose transport maximum exceeded glucose in urine raises osmolarity of tubular fluid

-osmotic diuresis

Front 98

the ____ can be found as part of the apithalamus

Back 98

pineal gland

Front 99

the hormone that stimulates the anterior pituitary to serete ACTH?

Back 99

CRH

Front 100

The anterior pitiurary is __________ than the posterior pituitary and has __________ connection to the hypothalamus.

Back 100

larger

no nervous

Front 101

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone targets the __________.

Back 101

anterior pituitary

Front 102

Which hormone stimulates glucocorticoid secretion?

Back 102

adrenocorticotropic hormone

Front 103

Which of the following is true regarding cortisol?

Back 103

it promotes the breakdown of fat and protein