1.5Vm - Neurology - Function Of Brain Regions

Front 1

What are the elevations in the brain called?

Back 1

Gyri

Front 2

What are the depressions in the brain called?

Back 2

Sulci

Front 3

Post-cruciate gyrus

Back 3

Primary motor cortex

Front 4

What is the sylvian sulcus associated with?

Back 4

Primary auditory cortex

Front 5

Two parts of the brain divided by the lateral rhinal sulcus

Back 5

- Neopallium
- Paleopallium

Front 6

Frontal lobe (2)

Back 6

- Conscious premotor and motor intentions
- Behavior

Front 7

What is the parietal lobe responsible for?

Back 7

Conscious somatosensory perception
- Nociception, proprioception

Front 8

What is the occipital lobe responsible for?

Back 8

Sight

Front 9

What is the temporal lobe responsible for? (3)

Back 9

- Hearing
- Learning
- Memory

Front 10

What is the piriform lobe associated with?

Back 10

Conscious smell

Front 11

What is the olfactory peduncle?

Back 11

Stalk-like connection between cerebral hemisphere and olfactory bulbs

Front 12

What is the lateral olfactory tract associated with?

Back 12

Conscious smell
- Piriforme lobe

Front 13

What is the medial olfactory tract associated with?

Back 13

Unconscious smell (autonomic associations)
- Hypothalamus

Front 14

What separates the left and right lateral ventricles?

Back 14

Septum pellucidum

Front 15

Corpus callosum

Back 15

Massive commissure that allows bundles of axons to cross transversely from one side of the brain to the other

Front 16

Damage to what part of the brain increases aggression?

Back 16

Cingulate gyrus

Front 17

Fornix

Back 17

Bundle of axons that connect hippocampus complex with the diencephalon and rostral cerebrum

Front 18

Parahippocampal gyrus

Back 18

Contains neuron cell bodies whose axons continue in the fornix

Front 19

Hippocampal gyrus

Back 19

Contains neuron cell bodies whose axons travel in the fornix

Front 20

Three things that make up the hippocampal complex

Back 20

- Hippocampal gyrus
- Parahippocampal gyrus
- Fornix

Front 21

Three parts of the basal nuclei

Back 21

- Caudate nucleus
- Lenticular nucleus
- Amygdala

Front 22

Caudate nucleus

Back 22

Inhibitory to frontal cortext for fine motor control

Front 23

Lenticular nucleus

Back 23

Inhibitory to frontal cortex for fine motor control

Front 24

Internal capsule

Back 24

Connects brain stem with cerebral hemispheres

Front 25

3 C-Shaped structures

Back 25

- Hippocampus
- Hippocampal gyrus
- Fornix

Front 26

Rostral commissure

Back 26

Carries smell information between the two cerebral hemispheres

Front 27

Lateral geniculate nucleus

Back 27

Associated with conscious vision and menace response
- Axons synapse on interneurons that relay information to occipital lobe

Front 28

Pretectal nucleus

Back 28

Associated with PLR
- Axons synapse with PSNS nuclei of CN III

Front 29

Rostral colliculus

Back 29

Reflexive vision

Front 30

Hypothalamus

Back 30

Autonomic functions
- Urination, CV regulation, temperature, etc.

Front 31

Tuber cinereum

Back 31

Hormone production

Front 32

Where does the infundibulum of the pituitary gland attach?

Back 32

Tuber cinereum

Front 33

Mammillary bodies

Back 33

Part of the limbic system

Front 34

Pineal gland

Back 34

Melatonin secretion

Front 35

Thalamus

Back 35

Site of all conscious afferent modalities except smell

Front 36

Medial geniculate nucleus

Back 36

Relay center for conscious hearing

Front 37

Caudal commissure

Back 37

Site of crossing over of interneurons coming from PTN towards the PSNS of CN III

Front 38

Brachium of rostral colliculus

Back 38

Contains axons from optic tract traveling towards the rostral colliculus
- Associated with visual information for visual avoidance reflex

Front 39

Brachium of caudal colliculus

Back 39

Connectis medial geniculate body to caudal colliculus
- Associated with auditory information for sound avoidance

Front 40

Caudal colliculus

Back 40

Associated with neck muscles involved with reflexive sound avoidance

Front 41

What is the tegmentum of the midbrain?

Back 41

Everything ventral to the mesencephalic aqueduct

Front 42

What does the tegmentum contain?

Back 42

LMN of CNN III and IV

Front 43

Function of mesencephalic aqueduct (2)

Back 43

- Connects 3rd and 4th ventricles
- Helps us to identify the midbrain on cross section

Front 44

What is the tegmentum of the pons?

Back 44

Located ventral to the 4th ventricle

Front 45

What does the tegmentum of the pons contain?

Back 45

LMNs of CN V

Front 46

Transverse pontine fibers

Back 46

Fibers here travel caudally to spinal cord or laterally to cerebellum

Front 47

Pyramids

Back 47

Needed for skilled motor control of appendages
- Carry continuation of axons from transverse pontine fibers caudally towards spinal cord

Front 48

Transition from open to closed fourth ventricle

Back 48

Obex

Front 49

Trapezoid body

Back 49

Contains auditory axons crossing from cochlear nuclei

Front 50

What's the target for CSF tap in the brainstem?

Back 50

Cerebromedullary cistern

Front 51

Flocculonodular lobe

Back 51

Balance and equilibrium

Front 52

Primary fissure

Back 52

Separates cerebellum into rostral and caudal portions

Front 53

Three things carried by the cerebellar peduncles (3)

Back 53

- UMN from frontal lobe
- Propriception fibers
- Efferent axons

Front 54

Function of diaphragm sellae

Back 54

Separates pituitary from rest of brain
- Bridges hypophyseal fossa

Front 55

Three divsions of the dura mater

Back 55

- Falx cerebri
- Tentorium cerebelli
- Diaphragm sellae

Front 56

Vestibular trigone location

Back 56

Caudomedial to cerebellar peduncle

Front 57

Vestibular trigone function

Back 57

Balance information from CN VIII is received here

Front 58

Location of cochlear nucleus

Back 58

Immediately caudal to cerebellar peduncle

Front 59

Function of cochlear nucleus

Back 59

Relays auditory information

Front 60

Primary blood supply to pia mater and meninges of the spinal column

Back 60

Spinal rami

Front 61

Three contributing arteries to the spinal rami

Back 61

- Vertebral a.
- Intercostal aa.
- Lumbar aa.

Front 62

Caudal continuation of the vertebral a.

Back 62

Ventral spinal a.

Front 63

What supplies the deeper gray matter of the spinal cord?

Back 63

Ventral spinal a.

Front 64

Two branches of the vertebral a.

Back 64

- Basilar a.
- Ventral spinal a.

Front 65

Main blood supply of brain stem

Back 65

Basilar a.

Front 66

Branch of the basilar a.

Back 66

Caudal cerebellar a.

Front 67

Blood in the brain case flows caudally in ruminants

Back 67

Blood in the brain case flows rostrally in canines and horses

Front 68

Network of arteries that surrounds the pituitary in ruminants

Back 68

Rete mirable

Front 69

Main blood supply of the rete mirable in ruminants

Back 69

Maxillary a.

Front 70

Arterial circle around the pituitary gland

Back 70

Cerebral arterial circle

Front 71

4 branches of the cerebral arterial circle

Back 71

- Rostral cerebral a.
- Middle cerebral a.
- Caudal cerebral a.
- Rostral cerebellar a.

Front 72

What does the rostral cerebral a. supply?

Back 72

Supplies deep rostral parts of hemispheres

Front 73

What does the middle cerebral a. supply?

Back 73

Supplies most of hemispheres

Front 74

What does the caudal cerebral a. supply?

Back 74

Supplies deep caudal part of hemispheres

Front 75

What is blood flow out of brain case driven by?

Back 75

CSF pressure

Front 76

Three sinuses of the brain

Back 76

- Dorsal sagittal
- Transverse
- Ventral

Front 77

What is the dorsal sagittal sinus found in?

Back 77

Falx cerebri

Front 78

What is the transverse sinus found in?

Back 78

Tentorium cerebellie

Front 79

What is the ventral sinus found in?

Back 79

Around pituitary gland

Front 80

Where does the spinal cord end in the dog?

Back 80

L6

Front 81

Where does the spinal cord end in the horse?

Back 81

S2

Front 82

Where does the spinal cord end in the ruminants?

Back 82

S1

Front 83

Where does the spinal cord end in the pig?

Back 83

S1 - S2

Front 84

Terminal ending of spinal cord

Back 84

Conus medullaris

Front 85

Fan at end of tail made up of caudally traveling spinal nerves

Back 85

Cauda equina

Front 86

Five neuron types found in all spinal nerves distal to the ramus communicans

Back 86

- GSE
- GSA
- GP
- GVE PoG
- GVA

Front 87

Three lateral divisions of the pia mater of the spinal cord

Back 87

- Dorsal funiculus
- Lateral funiculus
- Ventral funiculus

Front 88

What are short interneurons that only travel a few spinal cord segments?

Back 88

Fasiculus proprius

Front 89

Where is intermediolateral gray horn located?

Back 89

T1 - L4

S1 - S3

Front 90

Two parts of the intervertebral disc

Back 90

- Nucleus pulposus
- Annulus fibrosus

Front 91

Site for epidural injection of large animals

Back 91

S5 - Cd1

Front 92

Site for epidural injection of canine

Back 92

L7 - S1

Front 93

Site for lumbar injection of large animals

Back 93

L6 - S1

Front 94

Site for lumbar injection of canine

Back 94

L5 - L6

Front 95

What is the filum terminale?

Back 95

Caudal extension of fused pia and arachnoid mater at termination of spinal cord

Front 96

Two things that make up the leptomeninges

Back 96

- Arachnoid mater
- Pia mater