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31 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Abnormal findings when performing light palpation on the abdomen...
-Muscle guarding
-Rigidity
-Large Masses
-Tenderness
Voluntary Guarding occurs...
-When the person is cold, tense, ticklish.
-Bilateral
-Muscles relax on exhalation
-Use relaxation techniques
Involuntary Rigidity is...
-Constant boardlike hardness of muscles
-May be unilateral
-Accompanying actue inflammation of peritoneum
-Area becomes painful during situp
Normally palpable structures in abdomen are...
-Xiphoid process
-Normal Liver edge
-Right kidney, lower pole
-Pulsatile aorta
-Rectus muscles, lateral borders
-Sacral Promontory
-Cecum, ascending colon
-Sigmoid colon
-Uterus (gravid)
-Full Bladder
Tenderness occurs with...
-Local inflammation
-Inflammation of the peritoneum or underlying organ
-Enlarged organ whose capsule is stretched
Mild tenderness is normally present when palpating this structure...
-Sigmoid colon
If you identify a mass, and distinguish it from a normally palpable structure or an enlarged organ, what 8 qualities would you note
1) Location
2) Size
3) Shape
4) Consistency (soft, firm, hard)
5) Surface (smooth, nodular)
6) Mobility (including movement with respirations)
7) Pulsality
8) Tenderness
To palpate the liver you...
-Stand on right side of client
-Place left hand under clients 11th and 12th ribs and lift up
-Place right hand parallel to midline in RUQ
-Push deeply down under right costal margin
-Ask client to take deep breath
-Should feel edge of liver bump fingertips
-Often liver is not palpable

OR

-Use Hooking technique, hook fingers over right costal margin from above
-Ask person to take deep breath
To palpate the Spleen...
-Stand on rigth side of client
-Place Left hand under left side of client body and lift
-Place right hand obliquely on LUQ with fingers pointing towards left axilla and just inferior to the rib margin
-Push hand deeply down an under left costal margin
-Ask client to take deep breath
-Should feel nothing unless spleen enlarged
The spleen enlarges with...
-Mononucleosis
-trauma
-Do not palpate further if noticed, can rupture
-refer client
To palpate right kidney...
-Place your hands duck-bill position at persons right flank
-Use deep palpation and press hands together
-Ask client to take deep breath
-Occasionally feel lower pole of right kidney as a round, smooth mass
To palpate left kidney...
- Place left hand across abdomen and under left flank for support
-Push right hand deep into abdomen
-Ask client to breathe deeply
-Should feel nothing as kidney sits 1 cm higher
Abnormal findings when palpating the kidneys are...
-Enlarged Kidney
-kidney mass
To palpate aorta...
-using opposing thumb and fingers
-palpate slightly left of midline in upper abdomen
-usually 2.5 - 4 cm wide
Blumberg`s sign is also known as...
-Rebound Tenderness
Rebound tenderness is done by...
-You note tenderness during palpation or person reports tenderness
-Placing hand perpendicular to abdomen away from painful area
-Push down slowly and deeply
-Lift up quickly
-Normal response is no pain
-Perform test at end of examination
-Pain on release is reliable sign of peritoneal inflammation, which accompanies appendicitis
Murphy`s sign signifies...
-Inflammation of gallbladder (cholecystitis)
When do you perform the iliopsoas muscle test
-When acute abdominal pain of appendicitis is suspected
How do you perform iliopsoas muscle test
-Place client supine
-Lift right leg straight up, flexing at the hip
-Push down over the lower part of the thigh as the client tries to hold up leg
-Test is negative when no change is felt
-Test is positive if pain felt in RLQ, due to inflamed iliopsoas muscle from inflamed or ruptured appendix
Abdominal Checklist
INSPECTION
-Contour
-Symmetry
-Umbilicus
-Skin
-Pulsation or mevment
-Hair distribution
-Demeanour
Abdominal Checklist
AUSCULATION
-Bowel sounds
-Note any vascualr sounds
Abdominal Checklist
PERCUSSION
-Percuss all four quadrants
-Percuss borders of liver, spleen
Abdominal Checklist
PALPATION
-Light palpation in all four quadrants
-Deep palpation in all four quadrants
-Palpate for liver, spleen, kidneys
Abnormalities on Palpation of Enlarged Organs
-Enlarged liver
-Enlarged nodular liver
-Enlarged gallbladder
-Enlarged spleen
-Enlarged kidney
-Aortic aneurysm
Except with a depressed diaphragm, a liver palpated more than 1 - 2 cm below costal margin is considered...
-Enlarged
The iliopsoas muscle test and Obturator test are used to determine if the client has...
-Appendicitis
Diastasis recti is...
-A seperation of the rectus muscles with a visible bulge along midline
-Common in infants of African decent
-refer client if lasts more than 6 years
Infant Inspection yields...
-Protuberant contour
-Fine, superficial venous pattern
-respiratory movement
-Possible peristalsis
Infant Ausculation yields...
-bowel sounds
-No vascular sounds should be heard
The seven f's of Abdominal Distension...
-fat
-flatus
-fluid
-fetus
-feces
-fetal growth
-fibroid
Peritoneal Friction Rub...
-A rough, grating sound, like two pieces of leather rubbed together, indicates peritoneal inflammation
-Occurs rarely, usually over organs with large surface area in contact with the peritoneum