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7 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Carper (1978) identified which 4 patterns of knowing?
1) emperics
2) esthetics
3) personal knowledge
4) ethics
1) Emperics: The Science of Nursing
- knowledge developed thru systematic research to describe and explain phenomena
- factual information verified thru observation, measurements (eg. weight, vitals)
2) Esthetics: The Art of Nursing
- creativity, with an artistic or expressive component
- qualitative research often explores this area
- eg. IV insertions, simple things like adjusting blankets and tables
3) Personal Knowledge
- Knowledge derived from the depth and power of the interpersonal relationship with the client
- knowledge gained thru experience
4) Ethics: The Moral Component
"Focused on matters of obligation or what ought to be done"
- eg. moving a dying patient every few hours who is in extreme pain
A fifth type of knowing added by Chinn and Kramer (2008).
Emancipatory Knowing
Emancipatory Knowing: The Social, Economic, and Political Component
- knowledge that allows change to occur
- "Identify social and structural changes that are required to right social and institutional wrongs"
- practiced by Florence Nightingale in the 19th century
- eg. Station 20 West