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7 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Carper (1978) identified which 4 patterns of knowing?
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1) emperics
2) esthetics 3) personal knowledge 4) ethics |
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1) Emperics: The Science of Nursing
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- knowledge developed thru systematic research to describe and explain phenomena
- factual information verified thru observation, measurements (eg. weight, vitals) |
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2) Esthetics: The Art of Nursing
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- creativity, with an artistic or expressive component
- qualitative research often explores this area - eg. IV insertions, simple things like adjusting blankets and tables |
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3) Personal Knowledge
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- Knowledge derived from the depth and power of the interpersonal relationship with the client
- knowledge gained thru experience |
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4) Ethics: The Moral Component
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"Focused on matters of obligation or what ought to be done"
- eg. moving a dying patient every few hours who is in extreme pain |
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A fifth type of knowing added by Chinn and Kramer (2008).
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Emancipatory Knowing
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Emancipatory Knowing: The Social, Economic, and Political Component
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- knowledge that allows change to occur
- "Identify social and structural changes that are required to right social and institutional wrongs" - practiced by Florence Nightingale in the 19th century - eg. Station 20 West |