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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a solid-state device?
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An electronic device that operates by virtue of the movement of electrons within a solid piece of
semiconductor material. |
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Define the term negative temperature coefficient.
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It is the decrease in a semiconductor’s resistance as temperature rises.
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Name three of the largest users of semiconductor devices.
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Space systems, computers, and data processing equipment.
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State one requirement of an electron tube, which does not exist for semiconductors, that makes the tube less efficient than the semiconductor.
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The electron tube requires filament or heater voltage, whereas the semiconductor device does not;
consequently, no power input is spent by the semiconductor for conduction. |
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Define matter and list its three different states.
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Anything that occupies space and has weight. Solid, liquid, and gas.
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What is the smallest particle into which an element can be broken down and still retain all itsoriginal properties?
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The atom.
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What are the three particles that comprise an atom and state the type of charge they hold?
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Electrons-negative, protons-positive, and neutrons-neutral.
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What is the outer shell of an atom called?
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The valence shell.
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What term is used to describe the definite discrete amounts of energy required to move an electron
from a low shell to a higher shell? |
Quanta.
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What is a negative ion?
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A negatively charged atom having more than its normal amount of electrons.
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What is the main difference in the energy arrangement between an isolated atom and the atom in a solid?
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The energy levels of an atom in a solid group together to form energy bands, whereas the isolated
atom does not. |
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What determines, in terms of energy bands, whether a substance is a good insulator, semiconductor, or conductor?
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The width of the forbidden band.
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What determines the chemical activity of an atom?
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The number of electrons in the valence shell.
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What is the term used to describe the sharing of valence electrons between two or more atoms?
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Covalent bonding.
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Name the two types of current flow in a semiconductor.
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Electron flow and hole flow.
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What is the name given to a piece of pure semiconductor material that has an equal number of
electrons and holes? |
Intrinsic.
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What is the name given to a doped germanium crystal with an excess of free holes?
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P-type crystal.
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What are the majority carriers in an N-type semiconductor?
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Electrons.
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What is the purpose of a PN junction diode?
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To convert alternating current into direct current.
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What type of PN diode is formed by using a fine metal wire and a section of N-type semiconductor
material? |
Point-contact.
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What are the majority carriers in a P-type semiconductor?
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Holes.
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Conduction in which type of semiconductor material is similar to conduction in a copper wire?
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N-type material.
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What is the name of the area in a PN junction that has a shortage of electrons and holes?
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Depletion region.
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In order to reverse bias in a PN junction, what terminal of a battery is connected to the P material?
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Negative.
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What type of bias opposes the PN junction barrier?
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Forward.
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What is a load?
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Any device that draws current.
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What is the output of a half-wave rectifier?
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A pulsating dc voltage.
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What type of rectifier is constructed by sandwiching a section of semiconductor material between
two metal plates? |
Metallic rectifier.
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What type of bias makes a diode act as a closed switch?
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Forward bias.
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What is used to show how diode parameters vary over a full operating range?
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A characteristic curve.
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What is meant by diode ratings?
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They are the limiting values of operating conditions outside which operations could cause diode
damage. |
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What does the letter "N" indicate in the semiconductor identification system?
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A semiconductor.
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What type of diode has orange, blue, and gray bands?
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A semiconductor.
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What is the greatest threat to a diode?
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Heat.
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When checking a diode with an ohmmeter, what is indicated by two high resistance measurements?
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The diode is open or has a high-forward resistance.
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consists of two main parts-matter and energy.
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UNIVERSE
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anything that occupies space and has weight.
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MATTER
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a substance that cannot be reduced to a simpler form by chemical means.
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ELEMENT
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a chemical combination of two or more elements.
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COMPOUND
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the smallest particle into which an element can be broken down and still retain all its original properties.
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ATOM
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carries a small negative charge of electricity.
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ELECTRON
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carries a positive charge of electricity that is equal and opposite to the charge of the electron.
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PROTON
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a neutral particle in that it has no electrical charge.
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NEUTRON
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the amount of energy required by an electron to stay in
orbit. |
ELECTRON’S ENERGY LEVEL
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the orbits of the electrons in an atom.
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SHELLS and SUBSHELLS
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the ability of an atom to combine with other atoms.
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VALENCE
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the process by which an atom loses or gains electrons.
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IONIZATION
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groups of energy levels that result from the close proximity of atoms in a solid.
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ENERGY BANDS
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the sharing of valence electrons between two or more atoms.
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COVALENT BONDING
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process by which small amounts of selected additives, called impurities, are added to semiconductors to increase their current flow.
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DOPING
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an electrostatic field that has been created by the joining of a section of N material with a section of P material.
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JUNCTION BARRIER
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dry-disc rectifier is a metal-to-semiconductor device that acts just like a diode in that it permits current to flow more readily in one direction than the other
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METALLIC RECTIFIER
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