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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nerves. |
Cordlike structures that consitst of bundles of axons that lie parallel to eachother. |
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Endoneurium.
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The covering of axons and their myelin sheaths.
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Fasicles.
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Groups of fibers bound together.
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Perineurium.
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The covering of the fasicles (bound together fibers).
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Epineurium.
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Covers the groups of fasicles.
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Ganglia.
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A collection of neuron cell bodies associated with nerves of the PNS.
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CNS fibers ____ regenerate.
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NEVER regenerate. |
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The twelve cranial nerves. |
1. Olfactory |
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The tiny sensory nerve that runs from the nasal mucosa to synapse with the olfactory bulb. Sense of smell. |
I. Olfactory
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Sensory nerve that is really a brain tract and deals with the sense of vision.
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II. Optic
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Supplies four of the six extrinsic muscles of the eyeball in the orbit.
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III. Oculomotor
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Innervates an extrinsic eye muscle that loops through a pulley-shaped ligament in the orbit.
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IV. Trochlear
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Three branches come from this nerve. It is the largest cranial nerve. It supplies fibers to the face and motor fibers to the chewing muscles.
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V. Trigeminal
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This nerve controls the extrensic eye muscle that abducts the eye (turns laterally).
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VI. Abducens
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Large nerve that innervates muscles of the facial expressions.
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VII. Facial
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A sensory nerve for hearing and balance.
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VIII. Vestibulocochlear
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Innervates the tongue and pharynx.
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IX. Glossopharyngeal
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This is the only cranial nerve to extend beyond th head and neck. It goes to the thorax and abdomen.
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X. Vagus
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Considered an accessory part of the vagud nerve.
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XI. Accessory
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This nerve innervates some of the tongue moving muscles.
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XII. Hypoglossal
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The are ____ pairs of spinal nerves.
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31 pairs |
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The pairs of spinal nerves and how many there are.
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Cervical - 8 pairs |
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The divisions of each spinal nerve.
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These nerves are short and divide into: dorsal ramus, ventral ramus, and a menigeal branch.
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The ventral rami form_________ (interlacing nerve networks) to inervate limbs from multiple spinal nerves. |
Nerve Plexuses |
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Function of nerve plexuses. |
... to protect limbs. If one spinal nerve is damaged, limb innervation will not be lost. |
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Name the plexuses... |
cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral. |
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The ______ nerve supplies the diaphram.
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Phrenic nerve. |
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Phrenic nerve damage. |
If this nerve is damaged, the diaphram is paralyzed causing respiratory arrest. |
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The ___________ innervates the upper limb and shoulders. |
Brachial Plexus. |
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The Brachial plexus forms these peripheral nerves: |
1. Axillary Nerve |
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Injury to the median nerve causes... |
pincer grasp difficulty |
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Claw hand is caused by... |
Ulnar nerve damage |
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Injury to the ulnar nerve.
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causes trouble making a fist or gripping objects. |
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Injury to the Radial nerve.
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-results in the inability to extend the hand at the wrist. -Wrist drop |
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The nerves of the lower limbs...
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-> Femoral, Obturator, Sciatic, Common Fibular, and Tibial Nerve |
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A common lower limb nerve issue is ________ and causes stabbing pain. Recovery is slow and incomplete. |
Sciatica.
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Dermatoma.
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An area of skin innervated by cutaneous branches of a single spinal nerve.
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Every spinal nerve except ____ innervates dermatomas.
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C1 |
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Components of a reflex arc. |
1. Receptor |
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___________ is when info travels into and out of spinal cord via spinal nerves. |
Spinal reflex. |
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__________ live in the tendon of muscles and tell the nervous system the amount of tension on a muscle.
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Golgi tendon organs.
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The patellar knee-jerk reflex is... |
A stretch reflex. |
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The ______ reflex purpose is to cause muscle relaxation in a muscle that is contracted forcefully enough to damage the tendons. |
Golgi Tendon reflex |
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The ______ reflex is the withdrawal response to a painful stimulus. |
Flexor reflex |
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Which spinal nerves are in the brachial plexus? |
C5 - C8 plus T1 |
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Which spinal nerves are in the cervical plexus? |
C1 - C4 and some of C5 |
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Which spinal nerves are in the Lumbar plexus? |
L1 - L4 |
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Which spinal nerves are in the Sacral plexus? |
L5 - S4 |
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Cranial reflex is... |
Info that travels into and out of the brain stem via cranial nerves. |
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Contraction of muscle is when... |
Muscle shortens |
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Stretch of muscle is when... |
muscle lengthens |
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Antagonist muscle is... |
muscle on the opposite limb |
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Ipsilateral means? |
Same side |
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Polysynaptic? |
Many synapse |
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Contralateral means? |
Opposite side |
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Which somatic spinal reflex(s) is ipsilateral? |
Stretch Reflex Golgi Tendon Reflex |
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Which somatic spinal reflex(s) is polysynaptic? |
Withdrawal Reflex |
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Which somatic spinal reflex(s) is contralateral? |
Crossed extensor reflex |
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Name the 4 important somatic spinal reflexes... |
1. Stretch Reflex 2. Golgi Tendon Reflex 3. Flexor or withdrawal Reflex 4. Crossed extensor Reflex |
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Crossed Extensor Reflex causes... |
contraction of the muscles opposite the side of painful stimulus. |
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Intercostal nerves include... |
T2 - T12 |
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Which cranial nerves are sensory only? |
-Olfactory I -Optic II -Vestibulocochlear VIII (Special Sensory) |
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Which cranial nerves are only motor? |
-Oculomotor III (somatic & autonomic motor) -Trochlear IV (somatic motor) -Abducens VI (somatic motor) -Accessory XI (somatic motor) -Hypoglossal XII (somatic motor) |
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Which cranial nerves are "mixed" nerves? |
-Trigeminal V -Facial VII -Glossopharyngeal IX -Vagus X |
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Name an autonomic reflex? |
Pupillary light reflex |
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Posterior Ramus serve... |
deep muscles and skin of the dorsal surface. |
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Anterior Ramus serve... |
-muscles and structures of upper and lower limbs -skin of lateral and ventral surfaces of trunk. |
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Injury of the femoral nerve results in... |
-inability to extend the leg -loss of sensation over the anteromedial aspect of the thigh. |
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Injury of the obturator nerve results in... |
inability to abduct the leg |
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Cervical Plexus supplies... |
Skin and muscles of head, neck, superior portion of shoulders and chest, diaphragm. |
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_________ supplies innervation to shoulders and upper limbs. |
Brachial plexus |
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_________supplies anterolateral abdominal wall, external genitals and part of lower limbs. |
Lumbar Plexus |
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_________ supplies buttocks, perineum and lower limbs. |
Sacral Plexus |
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Muscle Spindle is... |
A stretch sensory receptor found in muscle cells |
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Neuritis is... |
Inflammation of nerves -can be caused by blows, fractures, toxins, infections, some drugs |
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________ is caused by herpes zoster virus that arises during immune suppression/stress. |
Shingles |
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___________ is loss of nerve function due to nerve injury or disease. |
Neuropathy |
