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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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significant figures
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information-bearing digits in a number.
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what does the measuring device determine about significant figures?
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how many significant figures there are.
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what do significant figures indicate
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the amount of uncertainty in measurement
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what do significant figures include?
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all digits known with certainty and one uncertain digit.
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rules of significant figures
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-all non-zero digits are significant
-number of significant digits is independent of decimal placement -zeros located between non-zero digits are significant |
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use of zeros in significant figures
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-zeros at the end (trailing zeros) are significant if there is a decimal. Ex. 4.70 has 3 significant figures.
-zeros to left of first non-zero integer are not significant. Ex. 0.0032 has 2 significant figures |
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scientific notation
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used to express very large or very small numbers easily and with the correct number of significant figures
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types of uncertainty
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error, accuracy, precision, random and systematic error
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error
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the difference between the true value and our estimation
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accuracy
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the degree of agreement between the true value and the measured value.
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precision
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a measure of agreement of replicate measurements
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rules for significant figures in addition and subtraction
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-the result in a calculation cannot have greater significance than any of the quantities that produced the result.
-the answer can be no more precise than the least precise number from which the answer is derived. The least precise number has the least significant figures. -in multiplication, preserve significant figures from the least precise number. In addition, preserve amount of decimal points from the least precise number. |
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inexact numbers have...?
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uncertainty by definition
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exact numbers are...?
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counting numbers. Can be given significant figures by adding zeros in order to not limit the significant figures in the answer. Exact numbers have infinite significant figures.
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units
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the basic quantity of mass, volume, or whatever quantity is measured.
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