Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What drugs do you avoid or stop giving someone with an AKI? |
Stop those DAMN drugs |
|
What can people get if you end up shifting someones sodium levels by more than 10 if they were profoundly hyponatraemic? And why? |
Central pontine demyelination Thought to happen as a rapid correction in sodium results in oedema in cells in the brain and thus causes demyelination (possibly due to sudden change in extracellular tonicity compared to intracellular tonicity) Causes dysphagia, quadraparesis, dysarthria etc |
|
What is the difference between oncotic pressure (or colloid osmotic pressure) and hydrostatic pressure? |
Oncotic pressure (albumin often affects this) pulls fluids into the circulatory system whereas hydrostatic pressure pushes fluid out of the circulatory system. |
|
What could you find in the urine of someone with Myeloma? |
Bence-Jones proteins (also found in waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia) |
|
26 year old lady comes in with morning headaches, amenorrhoea since 6 months. This is also associated with tunnel vision. What is the diagnosis? |
Pituitary tumour due to the tunnel vision, headaches. Specifically a prolactinoma due to amenorrhoea |
|
What does prolactin do and why does it also cause infertility? |
Prolactin regulates milk production and some elements of mood. It inhibits GnRh hence prevents ovulation. |
|
Sudden loss of vision in a lady with HIV. CD4 count is below 40 and she wasn't taking her anti-retroviral therapy. What is the dx? |
CMV Retinitis (cytomegalovirus) |
|
What is the management of CMV retinitis and what must you NOT do? |
IV Ganciclovir You mustn't restart HAART if pt has HIV as this worsens CMV eye disease, restart once CMV eye disease is in remission |
|
What is the lifespan of someone with HIV who is being treated? |
Someone who is being treated with antri-retroviral therapy and is compliant will have a normal lifespan as a healthy individual |
|
What is pott's cancer? |
Scrotal cancer in someone with tar/coal exposure |
|
Lady comes in complaining of shortness of breath and ptosis. A CXR shows an apical lung mass. What is the dx? Why does it cause these symptoms? |
Pancoasts tumour This is a neoplasm of the apex of the lung that invades the chest wall and the cervical sympathetic chain...thus causing horner's syndrome (ptosis, miosis, anhydrosis) |
|
What is Schistosomiasis caused by? |
By a worm (trematode) and usually taken in through contaminated water. |
|
Which antipsychotic can cause agranulocytosis? |
Clozapine |
|
What thyroid issue can Lithium cause? |
Hypothyroidism |
|
What is neuroleptic malignant syndrome & what are the symptoms? |
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is an adverse reaction caused to anti-psychotic or neuroleptic drugs. Symptoms include fever, sweating, hypotension, muscular rigidity, vomiting, diarrhoea. |