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15 Cards in this Set

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  • Back

What drugs do you avoid or stop giving someone with an AKI?

Stop those DAMN drugs
D - Diuretics
A - Ace-Inhibitors
M - Metformin
N - NSAIDs

What can people get if you end up shifting someones sodium levels by more than 10 if they were profoundly hyponatraemic? And why?

Central pontine demyelination


Thought to happen as a rapid correction in sodium results in oedema in cells in the brain and thus causes demyelination (possibly due to sudden change in extracellular tonicity compared to intracellular tonicity)


Causes dysphagia, quadraparesis, dysarthria etc





What is the difference between oncotic pressure (or colloid osmotic pressure) and hydrostatic pressure?

Oncotic pressure (albumin often affects this) pulls fluids into the circulatory system whereas hydrostatic pressure pushes fluid out of the circulatory system.

What could you find in the urine of someone with Myeloma?

Bence-Jones proteins (also found in waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia)

26 year old lady comes in with morning headaches, amenorrhoea since 6 months. This is also associated with tunnel vision. What is the diagnosis?

Pituitary tumour due to the tunnel vision, headaches. Specifically a prolactinoma due to amenorrhoea

What does prolactin do and why does it also cause infertility?

Prolactin regulates milk production and some elements of mood.




It inhibits GnRh hence prevents ovulation.

Sudden loss of vision in a lady with HIV. CD4 count is below 40 and she wasn't taking her anti-retroviral therapy. What is the dx?

CMV Retinitis (cytomegalovirus)

What is the management of CMV retinitis and what must you NOT do?

IV Ganciclovir




You mustn't restart HAART if pt has HIV as this worsens CMV eye disease, restart once CMV eye disease is in remission

What is the lifespan of someone with HIV who is being treated?

Someone who is being treated with antri-retroviral therapy and is compliant will have a normal lifespan as a healthy individual

What is pott's cancer?

Scrotal cancer in someone with tar/coal exposure

Lady comes in complaining of shortness of breath and ptosis. A CXR shows an apical lung mass. What is the dx? Why does it cause these symptoms?

Pancoasts tumour


This is a neoplasm of the apex of the lung that invades the chest wall and the cervical sympathetic chain...thus causing horner's syndrome (ptosis, miosis, anhydrosis)

What is Schistosomiasis caused by?

By a worm (trematode) and usually taken in through contaminated water.

Which antipsychotic can cause agranulocytosis?

Clozapine

What thyroid issue can Lithium cause?

Hypothyroidism

What is neuroleptic malignant syndrome & what are the symptoms?

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is an adverse reaction caused to anti-psychotic or neuroleptic drugs.


Symptoms include fever, sweating, hypotension, muscular rigidity, vomiting, diarrhoea.