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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
health history of musculoskeletal assessment includes
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past health, history, social and personal occupation
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a physical assessment would include?
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posture, gait, RoM, muscle strength,inspect and palapte each joint
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How to assess posture?
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spine, front, back , side, lordosis, kyphosis, scoliosis
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check gait for
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smoothness, balance, stride, ataxic, unsteadiness
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when inspecting a joint check for
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deformity, edema, redness, swan neck , unlar drift
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palpate joint for
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temperture, fluid, nodules, synovial cysts, heberden and bouchard nodes, bony enlargements
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what equipment do you use to check range of motion
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goniometer
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how do you check muscle strength?
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have pt
squeeze fingers pull and push feet |
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muscle strength is rated on a scale from?
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0-5
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how do you assess for neurocirculatory of an involved extermity?
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compare affected limb with unaffected side.
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what are the 5p's of abnormal findings
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pain, pallor, pulselessness, parethesia, paralysis
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signs of a fracture include
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edema
pain muscle spasm deformity ecchymosis loss of function crepitation |
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discoloration of skin due to extravasation of blood in subcutaneous tissues
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ecchymosis
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disruption of soft tissues or bleeding into the surrounding
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edema or swelling from a fracture
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why do muscle spasms occure with a fracture?
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as a protective response to injury and fracture
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how to heal a fracture?
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IMMOBILZATION
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WHAT IS HEMATOMA FORMATION IN REGARDS TO FRACTURE MANAGEMENT? and how long?
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blood clot provides a structure upon which a fibrin network can build. takes 48-72hr
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what is callus formation? and how long to occur
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loosely woven cartilage and bone matrix. 6-21days
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calcium deposits-bone become rigid and heals in 2-6 weeks
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Ossification
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bone returns to its normal shape and contours 1-several yrs
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Remodeling
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stages of bone healing (6)
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hematoma formaition
cellular proliferation callus formation ossification remodeling lenth of time it takds to heal depends on fracture, immobilization, age, general health. |
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restore bone's normal alignment, position, length
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reduction
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cells at the torn ends multiply and form a soft tissue bridge
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cellular proliferation
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metallic device to compress fractures and to immobilize-attached to the bones by percutaneous pins
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external fixation
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surgical insision with the application of pins nails plates, screws to the bone
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ORIF open reduction with internal fixations
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ways to immobilize
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cast
traction internal and external fixation |
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breaks in the contimuity of the bone
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fractures
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break at point of contact
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direct force
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break distant from point of contact
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shear force
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uneven pull (cause)
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muscle fatigue
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what kind of break is it when skin is intact?
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simple
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what is compound fracture?
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skin broken
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what is imnomplete fracture?
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one side of the bone
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what is complete fracture?
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goes through the bone
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what is it when one part of the bone is driven into the other
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telescoped fracture
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what is it called when fractue sites are seperated>?
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displaced fracture
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injury from bone to a body organ is called what?
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complicated fracture
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thin break line is called what
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hairline fracture
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bone is pulled away from tendon is what
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compression/avulsion
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bone is broke in several little pieces.
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comminuted fracture
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what is a fracture of the distal radius called
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colles
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what is a transverse fracture
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goes around
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types of hip fractures include
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femoral head, intertrochanteric, sub trochanteric
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pre op management for hip fracture is
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bucks traction
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DO NOT'S with hip fractures and replacements (8)
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hip into more then 90 decree flexioni
force hip into adduction or into internal rotation cross legs put on own shoes or stockings until 8 weels after surgery sit on chair without arms to aid raising to a standing position |
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Do's for hip replacements (5)
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use toliet elevator
chairs inside shower use pillows between legs notify surgeon if sever pain notify dentist of prosthesis before so he can give antibiotics |
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signs of fractures include (7)
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edema
pain muscle spasm deformity ecchymosis loss of funcion crepitation |
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important in fracture healing
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immobilization
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long bone and pelvic fractures release yellow bone marrow into the blood stream
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fat embolism
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when does fat embolism occure?
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in the first 12-72 hours
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who is most at risk for fat embolism
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males 20-40 or older then 80
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these lodge in the lung, causing hemorrhagic intestitial pneumonitis that produces symptoms of acute respiratory distress
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fat embolism
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major <a href="http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=signs&v=56">signs</a> of ______ are:
respiratory cahnges, sob, tachycardia dec po2, cyanosis, peteciae |
fat embolism
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7 complications of fractures include:
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fat embolism,
compartment syndrome avascular necrosis delayed and nonunion malunion osteomyletis dvt |
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when bone heals in abnormal position predisposing to degenerative arthritis angularion it is called
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malunion
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signs of osteomyelitis are:
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hig temps, diaphoresis, red, warm swelling
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treatment of acute osteomyelitis
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long term iv antibiotics
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cause of dvt?
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complications of immobility
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treatment of chronic osteomyelitis ?
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surgical debridement, iv or intraosseous antibiotics
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medications used with pain and spasms include:
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nsaid, muscle relaxants, narcotics, pca pumps
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treatment of muscle spasms?
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immobilization, ice, muscle relaxants, heat
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what does rice stand for?
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rest
ice compression elevation |
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surgical procedures of amputation include
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open
closed |
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6 complications of amputation include
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hemorrhage
infection phantom limb problems with immobility neuroma flexion contractures |
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chronic progressive systemic disease characterized by inflammation and destruction of synovial tissue in joints?
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rheumatoid arthritis
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occurrence in rheumatoid arthritis
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all races 20-40age 3:1 female
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what causes flares in rheumatoid arthritis?
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physical and psychological stress
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diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis
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x rays for cartilage, bone destruction
synovial fluid analyisis or biopsy Lab work- ers, ra, ana |
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surgeries for rhumatoid arthritis
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synovectomies
osteotomy total joint replacements |
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cause of djd?
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unknown but age genetics and obesity , trauma lack of exdercise lead to it
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diagnose djd with
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ex reays for erosions , osteophytes, narrowing of joint space
lab tests |
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surgical procedures of djd include (5)
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debridement
arthrodesis arthroplasty osteotomy total joint displacement |
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post op care issues for djd include
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dislocation
infection dvt bleeding neurovascular pain managemnt mobility self care |
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morning stiffness lasting more then an hour is a sign of
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rheumatoid arthritis
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anemia, and effusions are common in what disease
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rheumatoid arthritis
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pain increases in evening and are common signs of what disease?
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degenerative joint disease
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heberdens nodes are common with what disorder?
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djd
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chronic multi-system autoimmune disease with remissions and exacerbations is what?
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lupus
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some signs of lupus include
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red ras
alopecia polyarthritis fever fatigue anorexia ;pericarditis |
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inflammatory disorder resulting from deposition of uric acid crystals in the joints usually the great toe
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gout
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a progressive systemic disorder caused by excessive collagen deposition characterixed by inflammation, fibrosis, sclersis of skin and with organs is
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systemic sclerosis (sclerodema)
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chronic musculoskeletql pain disorder of unknown cause
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fibromyalgia
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