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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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concentration-dependent killing
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a property of some antibiotics, especially aminoglycosides and vancomysin, of achieving a relatively high, even if brief, plasma drug concentration results in the most effective bacterial kill
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facultative anaerobic metabolism
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A property of certain bacteria (e.g. enterococci) that allows them to adapt to low tissue oxygen concentrations, and still thrive, even though they normally thrive in oxygen-rich environments.
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microgram
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one millionth of a gram
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concentration-dependent killing
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a property of some antibiotics, especially aminoglycosides and vancomysin, of achieving a relatively high, even if brief, plasma drug concentration results in the most effective bacterial kill
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facultative anaerobic metabolism
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A property of certain bacteria (e.g. enterococci) that allows them to adapt to low tissue oxygen concentrations, and still thrive, even though they normally thrive in oxygen-rich environments.
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minimum inhibitory concentration - MIC
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A laboratory measurement of the lowest drug concentration needed to killl a certain standardized amount of bacteria.
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microgram
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one millionth of a gram
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MRSA
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Originally, this abbreviation stood exclusively fr methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, to describe an S. aureus species that was resistant to the beta-lactamase resistant penicillin known as methicillin. It now more commonly refers to strains of S. aureus that are resistant to several drug classes, and it therfore may also stand for (depending on context or health facility) multidrug-resistant S. aureus.
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nephrotoxicity
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toxicity to the kidneys, often drug-induced and manifesting in compromised renal function
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minimum inhibitory concentration - MIC
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A laboratory measurement of the lowest drug concentration needed to killl a certain standardized amount of bacteria.
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MRSA
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Originally, this abbreviation stood exclusively fr methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, to describe an S. aureus species that was resistant to the beta-lactamase resistant penicillin known as methicillin. It now more commonly refers to strains of S. aureus that are resistant to several drug classes, and it therfore may also stand for (depending on context or health facility) multidrug-resistant S. aureus.
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ototoxicity
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Toxicity to the ears, often drug-induced and manifesting in varying degrees of hearing loss that is more likely to be permanent than nephrotoxicity.
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post-antibiotic effect - PAE
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A period of continued bacterial suppression that occurs after brief exposure to certain antibiotic drug classes, especially aminoglycosides and carbapenems. The mechanism of this effect is uncertain.
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nephrotoxicity
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toxicity to the kidneys, often drug-induced and manifesting in compromised renal function
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pseudomembranous colitis
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A necrotizing, inflammatory bowel condition that is often associated with antibiotic therapy. Some antibiotics (e.g., clindamycin) are more likely to produce it than others. aka antibiotic-associated colitis.
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ototoxicity
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Toxicity to the ears, often drug-induced and manifesting in varying degrees of hearing loss that is more likely to be permanent than nephrotoxicity.
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synergistic effect
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Stronger bacterial kill resulting from two antibiotics given together than with either given alone.
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post-antibiotic effect - PAE
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A period of continued bacterial suppression that occurs after brief exposure to certain antibiotic drug classes, especially aminoglycosides and carbapenems. The mechanism of this effect is uncertain.
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pseudomembranous colitis
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A necrotizing, inflammatory bowel condition that is often associated with antibiotic therapy. Some antibiotics (e.g., clindamycin) are more likely to produce it than others. aka antibiotic-associated colitis.
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synergistic effect
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Stronger bacterial kill resulting from two antibiotics given together than with either given alone.
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therapeutic drug monitoring
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Ongoing monitoring of plasma drug concentrations and dosage adjustment based on these values as well as other laboratory indicators such as kidney and liver function tests; is often carried out by a pharmacist in collaboration with medical, nursing, and laboratory staff.
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time-dependent killing
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A property of most antibiotic classes, in contrast to concentration-dependent killing that requires prolonged high plasma drug concentrations for effective bacterial kill.
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