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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What did Dalton propose?
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-all matter is made of atoms
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Atomic number
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number of protons
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Atomic mass
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sum of # of protons + # of neutrons
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Isotopes
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atoms with differing # of neutrons
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Radioisotopes
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unstable and experience nuclear decay (the emission of radiations from an atom's nucleus)
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What causes the formation of free radicals?
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air pollution, smoking, sun, metabolism
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What helps prevent the formation of free radicals?
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antioxidants (like Vitamin C)
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Define an Ionic bond.
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atoms lose or gain electrons to gain stability, attraction between cations and anions result in an ionic compound (...in water = electrolytes)
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Define a Covalent bond.
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atoms share valence electrons single (H2), double (O2), triple (N2) bonds
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Polar vs. Nonpolar
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polar - unequal (H2O); nonpolar - equal (O2)
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Hydrogen bonds form...
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BETWEEN each water molecule
-one hydrogen bond: weak -collective hydrogen bonding: strong |
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Chemical Energy
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potential energy stored in bonds of compounds and molecules
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Exergonic Reaction
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release more energy than is absorbed
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Endergonic Reaction
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absorb more than they release
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Synthesis Reaction
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(a.k.a. condensation, dehydration synthesis) anabolic and usually endergonic
A + B = AB N2 + 3H2 = 2NH2 |
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Decomposition Reaction
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catabolic and usually exergonic
AB = A + B C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O |
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Exchange Reaction
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consist of synthesis and decomposition reactions
AB + CD = AD + BC HCl + NaHCO3 = H2CO3 + NaCl |
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Reversible Reaction
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products can revert to original reactions
(double arrow) |
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How many elements are contained in the human body?
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26
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The four major elements are:
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carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen (CHON)
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