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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many electron pairs come off glc? Where?
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12 pairs of electrons come off.
2 pairs have come off (3GAP -> 1,3 BPG x2) in cytoplasm 5 pairs during pyr-> CO2 x2 in mitochondria |
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What happens in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?
Where does this reaction take place? |
Pyruvate with an NAD and CoASH ->
Acetyl CoA + NADH + CO2 "oxidative decarboxylation" in mitochondria |
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What is CoASH?
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CoA or coenzyme A
It has a sulfhydryl group (SH) |
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What does acetyl CoA look like?
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Has thioester bond which is super high energy
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What are the 5 different coenzymes needed for PDH complex?
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CoA (B5)
NAD (B3) TPP (B1) FAD (B2) lipoic acid (not a vitamin) |
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What is beri-beri?
What are similar problems? |
Thiamine deficiency, so PDH can't work.
Alcoholics are thiamine deficient Looks like Wernicke-Korsakoff |
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Why would it be bad for someone to run a marathon and then drink a six pack of beer?
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Lactic Acidosis:
Lactic acid is built up from exercising: has to be processed by liver. PDH suppressed by alcohol |
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Why is it bad to mainline glc to an alcoholic?
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PDH not working because thiamine deficient-> overwhelm lactic acid pathway.
Need to supplement them with thiamine first. |
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Why is it NADH or FADH as product of PDH?
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Pyr -> FAD -> NADH
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How is PDH regulated?
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AcCoA, NADH, ATP inhibit PDH.
These all enhance PDH kinase. When PDH is phosphorylated, it's inactive. The PDH Pase enhanced by Ca2+ (IP3 releases Ca2+ from SR) |
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How much ATP is made in Kreb's cycle?
Adding this with glycolysis.. |
AcCoA -> CO2 12 ATP x 2/glc
Glycolysis: 6 ATP x2 36ATP total |
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How many decarboxylation steps in kreb's cycle?
How many oxidation steps? |
2
4: 3 NADH and 1 FADH2. |
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What are the enzymes involved with the two decarboxylation steps?
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Isocitrate DH -> aKG
aKG -aKG DH->succinyl CoA |
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aKGDH needs what coenzymes?
What other enzyme is like this? |
all the same ones as pyruvate DH
NAD FAD CoA lipoic acid TPP BCKDH |
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What hormones regulate Kreb's cycle?
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No hormonal control.
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How is the pathway regulated?
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Isocitrate DH --> aKG
High ATP or NADH shuts it down which raises [citrate] concentration (leaks to cytoplasm) -> PFK1 inhibited |
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How does cytosplasm NADH gets its electrons into the mitochondria for ETC?
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Shuttle system using glycerol-3-phosphate putting the electrons into FADH2. Get 2ATP/NADH here.
There's a malate shuttle that's more complicated which generates 3 ATP/NADH. When doing calculations: 2 ATP/cyto NADH |
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How much energy is made during PDH's reaction per glc?
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6 because 2NADH are made in the mitochondria where it's 3ATP/NADH.
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What are the names of all the intermediates of TCA cycle?
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Can I keep selling sex for money, officer?
citrate isocitrate aKG succinyl CoA succinate fumarate malate oxaloacetate |
