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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Credit Mobilier
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a construction company formed by stock holders in the Union Pacific Railroad. The company would lay a track for two to three times the actual price and pocket the profit.
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pg. 238
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Mary Harris "Mother" Jones
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One of the most prominent organizers in the women's labor movement. Supported the Great Strike of 1877, organized for the United Mine Workers of America (UMW), and led a march of 80 mill children to the home of President Theodore Roosevelt. She endured many death threats and jail time, but she was feared by many people.
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pg. 248
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Thomas Nast
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A political cartoonist who helped arouse public outrage against Tammany Hall's gaft - the illegal use of political influence for personal gain
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pg. 269
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Christopher Sholes
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invented the typewriter
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pg. 233
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Jim Crow Laws
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racial segregation laws
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pg. 287
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Horatio Alger Jr.
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author of rags-to-riches
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pg. 242
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Ellis Island
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In New York Harbor, immigration station where they were detained and inspected. Most of them were Europeans.
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pg. 256
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The Circus
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used to get away from the city, Barnum & Bailey Circus, arrived by railroad and staged a parade to advertise the show
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pg. 298
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The Niagara Movement
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Insisted blacks should seek a liberal arts education so the African American communities will have well-educated leaders.
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pg. 285
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Angel Island
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In the San Francisco Bay, much more harsh than Ellis Island, stayed longer, mostly Chinese
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pg. 257
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Jane Addams
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One of the most influential members of the Social Gospel movement, founded settlement houses - provided educational, cultural, and social services to the urban poor. She was an antiwar activist, spokesperson for racial justice, and an advocate for quality-of-life issues. She also cofounded Chicago's Hull House.
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pg. 266
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James Otis
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designed the elevator
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The Gospel of Wealth
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Andrew Carnegie's article about the responsibility of a wealthy man to redistribute his wealth for the growth of others
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Ashcan School of American art
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Led by Thomas Eakins' s student Robert Henri. Painted urban life and working people with gritty realism and no frills.
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pg. 295
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Scott Joplin
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African American pianist and composer created the blend of African American spirituals and European music and called it ragtime music Ragtime led into jazz, rhythm and blues, and rock 'n' roll
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pg. 299
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Edwin L. Drake
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successfully used a steam engine to drill oil
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pg. 231
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Bessemer process
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technique that involved injecting air into molten iron to remove the carbon and other impurities. By Henry Bessemer
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pg. 231
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Alexander Graham Bell
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invented the telephone
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pg. 233
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Thomas Alva Edison
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Pefected the incandescent light bulb, invented an entire system for producing and distributing electrical power
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pg. 232
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transcontinental railroad
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The Central Pacific and Union Pacific Railroads raced to build a railroad stretching from the east to the west
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pg. 237
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George M. Pullman
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Built a factory for manufacturing sleepers and other railroad cars. He built a town nearby for his employees. Residents lived in clean, well-constructed brick houses and apartment buildings with at least one window. The town also offered services and facilities such as doctors' offices, shops, and an athletic field, but the town was firmly under company control.
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pg. 238
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Munn vs . Illinois
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After the Grangers' success in creating regulatory laws the railroads questioned the constitutionality of the laws. But in this case the supreme court upheld the Granger laws by vote 7-2. The states thus won the right to regulate railroads.
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pg. 239
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Interstate Commerce Act
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established the right of the federal government to supervise railroad activities
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pg. 239
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vertical integration
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the process of buying out one's supplier in order to control the raw materials and transportation systems
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pg. 242
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horizontal integration
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the process of buying out one's competition
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pg. 242
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John D. Rockefeller
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joined with competing companies in trust agreements. Also known as a robber baron because he payed his employees extremely low wages and driving his competitors out of business by selling his oil at a lower price than it cost to produce it, gaining control of the market, then raising his prices far above original levels
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pg. 243
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Sherman Antitrust Act
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made it illegal to form a trust that interfered with fee trade between states or with other countries
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pg. 244
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Samuel Gompers
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led the Cigar Makers' International Union to join other craft unions
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pg. 245
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American Federation of Labor (AFL)
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led by Gompers, negotiated with representatives of labor and management to reach written agreements on wages, hours, and working conditions.
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pg. 246
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Eugene V. Debs
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attempted to form a union that included both skilled and unskilled workers, American Railway Union
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pg. 246
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International Workers of the World (IWW)
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gave dignity and a sense of solidarity to unskilled workers and included African Americans
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pg. 246
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Gentleman's Agreement
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Japan's government agreed to limit immigration of unskilled workers to the United States
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pg. 259
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Americanization movement
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designed to assimilate people of wide ranging cultures into one dominant culture
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pg. 263
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tenements
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multifamily urban dwellings
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p. 264
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mass transit
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transportation systems designed to move large numbers of people along fixed routes
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pg. 264
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political machine
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organized group that controlled the activities of a political party in a city
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pg, 268
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patronage
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the giving of government jobs to the people who helped a candidate get elected
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pg. 270
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civi service
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government administration
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pg. 270
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Rutherford B. Hayes
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could not get Congress to support the reform so he named independents to his cabinet, and set up a commission to investigate the nation's customhouses
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pg. 270
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James A. Garfield
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was assassinated by a Stalwart for giving reformers most of his patronage jobs
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pg. 270
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Chester A. Arthur
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Took Garfield's place as president and turned reformer
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pg. 270
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Pendleton Civil Service Act
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authorized a bipartisan civil service commission to make appointments to federal jobs through a merit system based on candidates' performance on an examination
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pg. 270
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Fredrick Law Olmsted
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spearheaded the movement for planned urban parks
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pg. 277
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Louis Sullivan
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Wainwright building in St. Louis, 10 stories tall
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pg. 277
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Daniel Burnham
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designed the Flatiron Building
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pg. 277
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George Eastman
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invented the camera
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pg 281
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Booker T. Washington
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believed that racism would end when blacks aquired useful labor skills and proved their economic value
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pg. 285
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Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute
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taught African Americans skills in agricultural, domestic, or mechanical work
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pg. 285
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debt peonage
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a system that bound laborers in slavery in order to work off a debt to an employer
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pg. 289
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