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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The Upper Respiratory System is composed of: ( 5 things)
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nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, and trachea.
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Nasal _____ catch and filter foreign substances, and the air is _____ and _____
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hairs
warmed and humidified |
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The walls of the nasal cavity are sensitive to ________. When recep. in these walls are stimulated, the CNS is initiated--->______
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irritation
sneeze |
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The most common conditions that affect the upper respiratory system can be classified as ________ responses.
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inflammatory
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(4) Drugs that affect the URS
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Antitussive
Decongestants Antihistamines Expectorants |
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Drugs that affect the URS
work by keeping the _____ ______
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airway open
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Antitussives work by...
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Block cough reflex
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Decongestants work by...
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Decrease blood flow-->decrease over production of secretions
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Antihistamines work by...
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Block release/action of histamine (chemical that is released during inflammation which increases secretions and narrows airways)
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Expectorants work by...
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Increase productive cough (to clear airways)
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The lower respiratory tract is virtually _____ because of the various defense mechanisms in the upper respiratory system.
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sterile
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(2) Protective mechanisms in the LRS
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goblet cells and cilia
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goblet cells
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secrete mucus to entrap any particles
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Cilia
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remove microorganisms & other forgein bodies
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3 functions of the LRS
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Gas exchange, perfusion, and respiration
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Lung tissue receives its blood supply from the _____ _______
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bronchial artery
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Ventilation
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The act of breathing
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The act of breathing is controlled by the ___.
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*CNS*
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3 serious conditions that affect the LRS
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Pneumonia
COPD Cystic fibrosis |
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(3) Drugs affecting the Lower Respiratory System
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Mucolytics
Bronchodilators Anti-inflammatory agents |
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Bronchodilators are divided into 3 groups..
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Beta agonists
Anticholinergics Xanthine derivatives |
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Anti-inflammatory agents are divided into 3 groups..
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Inhaled glucocoritcoid steroids
Mast cell stabilizer Leukotriene receptor antagonists |
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Antitussives prototype drug
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dextromethorphan
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dextromethorphan use and action
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used to manage non productive cough, done by suppressing the cough reflex
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Antihistamines prototype drug
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fexofenadine
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fexofenadine use and action
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used to relieve symptoms of allergies, works by blocking the action of histamine released during inflammatory response
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Decongestants prototype drug
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pseudophedrine
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pseudophedrine use and action
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Used to decrease nasal congestion , works by constricting nasal arterioles
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Expectorants prototype drug
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guaifenesin
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guaifenesin use and action
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relieve the symptoms of respiratory conditions characterized by a dry nonproductive cough. Works by liquifying lower respiratory tract secretions
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Mucolytics prototype drug
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acetylcysteine
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acetylcysteine use and action
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used to liquify thick, tenacious secretions, works by breaking down mucus
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bronchidilators- beta agonists prototype drug
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alubterol
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bronchidilators- anticholinergenics prototype drug
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ipratropium bromide
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bronchidilators- xanthane derivatives prototype drug
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theophylline
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Anti-inflammatory agents- inhaled glococorticoid steriods prototype drug
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flunisolide
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Anti-inflammatory agents- mast cell stabilizers prototype drug
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cromolyn sodium
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Anti-inflammatory agents- leukotriene receptor antagonists protptype drug
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zafirlukast
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zafirlukast use and action
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used for maintenance treatment of CAL and asthma, works by blocking bronchoconstriction from happening
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albuterol use and action
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used for acute and chronic management of CAL and asthma, works by dilating the airways
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ipratropium bromide use and action
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1st line defense- used for maintenance therapy of CAL or asthma, works by stopping bronchoconstriction
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theophylline use and action
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used for symptomatic relief of bronchoconstriction and bronchospasm, works as a bronchodilator
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flunisolide use and action
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used for maintenance treatment of CAL or asthma, works by preventing bronchospasm (PREVENT, it does not work well for acute attacks)
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cromolyn sodium use and action
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used for prophylaxis of allergic symptoms, including asthma, works by preventing mast cell rupture which prevents release of histamine
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CAL
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chronic airway limitation
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COPD
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chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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