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46 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
The Upper Respiratory System is composed of: ( 5 things)
nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, and trachea.
Nasal _____ catch and filter foreign substances, and the air is _____ and _____
hairs

warmed and humidified
The walls of the nasal cavity are sensitive to ________. When recep. in these walls are stimulated, the CNS is initiated--->______
irritation

sneeze
The most common conditions that affect the upper respiratory system can be classified as ________ responses.
inflammatory
(4) Drugs that affect the URS
Antitussive
Decongestants
Antihistamines
Expectorants
Drugs that affect the URS
 work by keeping the _____ ______
airway open
Antitussives work by...
Block cough reflex
Decongestants work by...
Decrease blood flow-->decrease over production of secretions
Antihistamines work by...
Block release/action of histamine (chemical that is released during inflammation which increases secretions and narrows airways)
Expectorants work by...
Increase productive cough (to clear airways)
The lower respiratory tract is virtually _____ because of the various defense mechanisms in the upper respiratory system.
sterile
(2) Protective mechanisms in the LRS
goblet cells and cilia
goblet cells
secrete mucus to entrap any particles
Cilia
remove microorganisms & other forgein bodies
3 functions of the LRS
Gas exchange, perfusion, and respiration
Lung tissue receives its blood supply from the _____ _______
bronchial artery
Ventilation
The act of breathing
The act of breathing is controlled by the ___.
*CNS*
3 serious conditions that affect the LRS
Pneumonia
COPD
Cystic fibrosis
(3) Drugs affecting the Lower Respiratory System
Mucolytics

Bronchodilators

Anti-inflammatory agents
Bronchodilators are divided into 3 groups..
Beta agonists
Anticholinergics
Xanthine derivatives
Anti-inflammatory agents are divided into 3 groups..
Inhaled glucocoritcoid steroids
Mast cell stabilizer
Leukotriene receptor antagonists
Antitussives prototype drug
dextromethorphan
dextromethorphan use and action
used to manage non productive cough, done by suppressing the cough reflex
Antihistamines prototype drug
fexofenadine
fexofenadine use and action
used to relieve symptoms of allergies, works by blocking the action of histamine released during inflammatory response
Decongestants prototype drug
pseudophedrine
pseudophedrine use and action
Used to decrease nasal congestion , works by constricting nasal arterioles
Expectorants prototype drug
guaifenesin
guaifenesin use and action
relieve the symptoms of respiratory conditions characterized by a dry nonproductive cough. Works by liquifying lower respiratory tract secretions
Mucolytics prototype drug
acetylcysteine
acetylcysteine use and action
used to liquify thick, tenacious secretions, works by breaking down mucus
bronchidilators- beta agonists prototype drug
alubterol
bronchidilators- anticholinergenics prototype drug
ipratropium bromide
bronchidilators- xanthane derivatives prototype drug
theophylline
Anti-inflammatory agents- inhaled glococorticoid steriods prototype drug
flunisolide
Anti-inflammatory agents- mast cell stabilizers prototype drug
cromolyn sodium
Anti-inflammatory agents- leukotriene receptor antagonists protptype drug
zafirlukast
zafirlukast use and action
used for maintenance treatment of CAL and asthma, works by blocking bronchoconstriction from happening
albuterol use and action
used for acute and chronic management of CAL and asthma, works by dilating the airways
ipratropium bromide use and action
1st line defense- used for maintenance therapy of CAL or asthma, works by stopping bronchoconstriction
theophylline use and action
used for symptomatic relief of bronchoconstriction and bronchospasm, works as a bronchodilator
flunisolide use and action
used for maintenance treatment of CAL or asthma, works by preventing bronchospasm (PREVENT, it does not work well for acute attacks)
cromolyn sodium use and action
used for prophylaxis of allergic symptoms, including asthma, works by preventing mast cell rupture which prevents release of histamine
CAL
chronic airway limitation
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease