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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Describe a chemical NATO marker |
Yellow background with
red letters |
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Describe a biological NATO marker
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Blue background with
red letters |
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Describe a radiological NATO marker
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White background with
black letters |
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Describe a chemical mine field NATO marker
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Red background
yellow lettering / stripe (Chemical agent in mine and date of placement) |
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What are the different means to sound the NBC alarm
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Vocal
Percussion Visual |
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What does NATO stand for?
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-North Atlantic Treaty Organization
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What is the first step on recieving the command or detecting a presence of contamination
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Stop breathing, close mouth and eyes
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What is the purpose of M9 detector tape
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detect presence of CHEMICAL agent
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What does the M40 field mask consist of?
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-Face blank
-Filter canister (used to cleanse contaminated air) -dual voicemitter assemblies -inlet and outlet valves -water drinking system |
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If the M9 tape is contaminated it will turn what color
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Pink
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What is the vocal CBRN alarm?
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-gas, gas, gas
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What is the pupose of M8 detector tape
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detect presence of a SPECIFIC chemical agent
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The mask should be donned, cleared, and sealed within how many seconds?
An additional _________seconds to put the hood in place. |
-9
-6 Total of 15 secs |
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If the M8 paper turns yellow/gold what is the contaminating agent
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G- Nerve
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If the M8 detector tape turns Dark Green what is the contaminating agent
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V - Nerve
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If the M8 detector tape turns a Pink or Dark Red what is the contaminating agent
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H- Blister
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What does the acronym MOPP stand for
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Mission Oriented Protective Posture
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How many MOPP levels are there
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MOPP Ready then level 0-4
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Describe MOPP level (0)
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Having all gear available but not wearing it
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Describe MOPP level (1)
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Overgarment is worn open or closed
booties, gloves, and mask are carried |
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What is the disadvantage of M8 and M9 paper?
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-Their inability to detect vapors
-Limited number of agents detected |
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Describe MOPP level (2)
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Overgarment is worn open or closed
booties worn gloves and mask is carried |
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How is M9 paper used? What is it's purpose?
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-Comes in a roll and is taped around the ankles, wrist and biceps, and on the exterior of protective clothing.
-Purpose is to detect the presence of CHEMICAL AGENTS, but will not identify them. |
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Describe MOPP level (3)
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Overgarment is worn open or closed
booties and mask worn gloves carried |
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Describe MOPP level (4)
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Overgarment is worn closed
booties, gloves, and mask worn |
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What are considered levels of decontamination
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Immediate
Operational Thorough |
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What is the purpose of M8 detector paper?
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-Comes with field protective mask or M256A1 chemical agent detector.
-Used primarily on suspected liquid forms. |
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What do the following colors mean on M8 detector paper?
-Yellow/Gold -Dark green -Pink/Red |
-Yellow/Gold: Series G, Nerve
-Dark green: Series V, Nerve -Pink/Red: Series H, Blister |
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Describe Immediate decontamination
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Skin should be decontaminated before one minute
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Describe Operational decontamination
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MOPP gear exchange within 6 hrs
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What are the three immediate decon techniques?
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-Skin decon
-Operator's spray down -Personnel wipe down |
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Describe Thorough decontamination
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Detailed deconamination of equipment when the mission allows
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What are the two operational decon techniques?
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-Vehicle wash down
-MOPP gear exchange |
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What are the three thorough decon techniques?
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-detailed TROOP decon
-detailed EQUIPMENT decon -detailed AIRCRAFT decon |
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During Nuclear blast, immediately drop face _______ remain there for ______ seconds.
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-down, with head toward the blast
-90 seconds |
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Nerve agents produce their effects by ___________>>>>
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-cholinesterase inhibitors
-interfering with normal transmission of nerve impulses in the parasympathetic autonomic nervous system. |
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Color and smell of nerve agents?
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-colorless, odorless
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S/S of nerve agent exposure?
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-pinpoint pupils
-Local muscular twitching -convulsions -diarrhea and vomiting -rhinorrhea, hypersalivation -dyspnea -drowsiness, unconsciousness, and coma. |
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Treatment for nerve agent exposure?
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-Atropine 2 mg
-2-PAM Cl 600 mg |
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For medical personnel, the frequency of administration of atropine for nerve agent exposure is what?
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-in 15 minute intervals until mild atropinization occurs. Noted by tachycardia and dry mouth
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Navy and Marine Corps personnel are issued what for nerve agent exposure?
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-three 2mg auto injectors of atropine
-three 600mg auto injectors of 2 PAM cl |
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Steps if mild nerve agent exposure is experienced:
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-Immediately hold breath and don mask
-Administer one set of Atropine and 2PAM cl into lateral thigh or buttocks -wait 10-15 minutes for second, 15 minutes for third injections |
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Hold the atropine autoinjector firmly in place for at least ________ seconds.
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10
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If you encounter someone with severe nerve agent exposure, what are steps?
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-Rapid succession of 3 sets of nerve agent antidotes.
-300 mg/2-PAM CL -2 MG Atropine |
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Three common blister agents are what?
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-Mustard (HD)
-Nitrogen Mustard (HN) -Lewisites (L) |
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How long do mustards take to manifest their symptoms?
What part of the body do they attack? Treatment? |
-Several hours after exposure
-Eyes and respiratory tract as well as the skin -Supportive |
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How are HD and HN identified?
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-oily, colorless or pale yellow liquids
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First noticeable symptoms of mustard exposure:
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-Pain and gritty feeling in the eyes
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Blistering from MUSTARD exposure begins in _____ hours but may be delayed for up to _______ hours.
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12
48 |
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Frequent complication of mustard exposure:
Primary cause of death? |
-Bronchopneumonia
-massive edema or pulmonary obstruction |
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Lewisite is an _________. Idenification is ________
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-Arsenical
-Light to dark brown liquid that vaporizes slowly |
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Lewisites cause ________ upon contact.
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-Intense pain.
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What is the treatment for Lewisites?
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-Immediately decontaminate the eyes with water
-SODIUM SULFACETAMIDE used within 24 hrs for eye infection -For systemic involvement British Anti-Lewisite (BAL) 3mg |
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How do blood agents work?
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-INTERFERE with ENZYME functions of the body,
BLOCK OXYGEN transfer. |
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What are two blood agents?
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-AC Hydrocyanic Acid
-CK Cyanic Chloride |
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What are the s/s of blood agent exposure? very serious
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-forceful increase of respirations
-violent convulsions after 20-30 SECONDS -heart and respiratory failure within a few minutes |
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Treatment for blood agents.
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-amyl nitrate in crush ampules (up to 8)
-IV sodium thiosulfate (100-200mg over 9 min) |
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Maximum amount of amyl nitrate ampules?
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8
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Required dose of sodium thiosulfate for blood agents
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-100 to 200 mg IV over 9 minutes
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Effect of choking agents on the body?
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-extensive damage to alveolar tissue causing pulmonary edema.
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What are some choking agents?
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-Phosgene (CG)
-Chlorine (Cl) -Chloropicrin -Diphosgene (DP) |
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What is the most likely choking agent to be encountered?
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-Phosgene (CG)
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How is CG Phosgene identified? What does it look like? Smell like?
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-colorless gas
-smells like new mown hay or cut grass |
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Early S/S of choking agent:
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-watering of eyes
-coughing -feeling of tightness in chest |
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For choking agents, there will be no s/s _______ hours after exposure.
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2 to 6 hours
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Late s/s of choking agent exposure:
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-rapid, shallow labored breathing
-painful cough -cyanosis -frothy sputum clammy skin -rapid pulse, low blood pressure shock then death |
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Treatment of choking agent exposure:
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-No treatment, symptomatic
-Complete bed rest -Keep victim with lung edema moderately warm -Oxygen therapy |
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Incapacitating agents are comprised of __________, they produce ________.
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-psychochemicals
-mental confusion and inability to function intelligently. |
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First symptoms of incapacitating agents occur within _______ minutes and last ________
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-30 minutes and may persist for several days
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The standard incapacitating agent is ___________.
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-3-quinuclidinyl benzilate (BZ)
-cholinergic blocking agent |
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S/S of incapacitating agents
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-dizziness
-drowsiness -dry skin -dry mouth -difficulty swallowing -decreased alertness -increased heart rate, pupil size, and skin temperature -muscular un-coordination |
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Treatment of incapacitating agents
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-Prevent patient from harming themselves or others
-PHYSOSTIGMINE; not effective during first four hours, treatment must be continued |
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Four types of riot control/harassing agents:
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-Lacrimators
-Vomiting agents -Screening smoke -White phosphorus |
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Two types of lacrimators:
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-chloracetophenone (CN)
-orthochlorobenzilidine (CS) |
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Which is more potent, CS or CN?
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-CS; used for riot control
(CN is used for training) |
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Duration of lacrimators:
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-seldom last over 2 hours
-moderate exposure lasts a few minutes |
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What are three types of vomiting agents?
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-Adamsite (DM)
-diphenylchlorarsine (DA) -dyphenalcyanoarsine (DC) |
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How can you identify vomiting agents?
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-strong pepper-like irritation in upper respiratory tract
-eye irritation and lacrimation |
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Identification of white phophorus (WP)
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-pale, waxy solid that ignites on contact with air.that give hot dense white smoke composed of PHOSPHORUS PENTOXIDE particles.
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Treatment of White phosphorus smoke:
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-burning particles on skin covered with water, wet cloth, or mud.
-0.5 solution of COPPER SULFATE used as a rinse but not used as a dressing. |
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How are phosphorus particles removed?
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-Surgically
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BZ, (3-quinuclidinyl benzilate) and other agents in this class are compounds known as _______. The drug trreatment of choice is ________.
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-glycolates
-physostigmine |
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If you notice a sudden stimulation of breathing and an ALMOND-LIKE odor, what should you suspect?
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-Cyanide containing compounds known as BLOOD AGENTS
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____ is less volatile and more persistant that ______ but both have the same blistering effects.
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HN-Nitrogen Mustard
HD-Mustard |
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Effects of these agents are produced mainly by altering or disrupting the higher regulatory activity of the central nervous system.
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-Incapacitating agents
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Recovery from vomiting agents is usually spontaneous and complete within _____ to _____ hrs.
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1 to 3
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