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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Continuous Reinforcement
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every occurrence of the operant respond results in delivery of the reinforcer
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"negative" punishment
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removing a reinforcing stimulus (allowance) after response; decreases chances of response recurring
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negative reinforcement
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an aversive stimulus whose removal increases the likelihood of the preceding response occurring again
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partial reinforcement
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a situation in which responding is reinforced only some of the time
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pica
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a behavioral disorder, often seen in mental retardation, that involves eating inedible objects or unhealthy substances
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"positive" punishment |
presenting an aversive stimulus (spanking) after a response; decreases chances of response recurring
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positive reinforcement
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the presentation of a stimulus that increases the probability of a behavior occurring again
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punishment
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a consequence that occurs after behavior and decreases chance of that behavior occurring again
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schedule of reinforcement
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a rule that determines how and when the occurrence of response will be followed by a reinforcer
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shaping
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a procedure of successive reinforcement of behaviors that lead up to or approximate the desired behavior
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behavior modification
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a treatment or therapy that modifies problem by using principles of learning and conditioning
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cognitive map
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a mental representation in the brain of the layout of an environment and its features
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fixed-interval schedule
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a reinforce occurs following the first response that occurs after a fixed interval of time
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fixed-ratio schedule
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a reinforcer occurs only after a fixed number of responses are made by the subject
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imprinting
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inherited tendencies or responses that are displayed by newborn animals encountering certain stimuli
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insight
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a mental process marked by the sudden solution to a problem; the "ah ha" phenomenon
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preparedness
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an innate or biological tendency of animals to recognize and attend to certain cues and stimuli
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superstitious behavior
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behavior that increase in frequency because its occurrence is accidentally paired with the delivery of a reinforcer
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variable-interval schedule
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a reinforcer occurs following the first correct response after an average amount of time has passed
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variables ratio
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a reinforcer is delivered after an average number of correct responses has occured
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adaptive value
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usefulness of certain evolved abilities or traits in animals and humans that tend to increase their chances of survival
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conditioned (learned) response
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new response elicited by a conditioned stimulus; similar to the unconditioned (unlearned) response
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conditioned (learned) stimulus
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a formerly neutral stimulus that has acquired the ability to elicit the same response as the unconditioned stimulus
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discrimination
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learning to make a particular response to some stimuli but not to others
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extinction
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failure of a conditioned stimulus to elicit a response when repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus
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generalization
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tendency for a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus to elicit the same response
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natural stimulus
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some stimulus that produces a response, but does not produce the reflex being tested
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spontaneous recovery
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tendency for the condition (learned) response to reappear after being extinguished
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unconditioned (unlearned) response
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an unlearned, innate, involuntary physiological reflex that is elicited by the unconditioned stimulus
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unconditioned stimulus
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some stimulus that triggers or elicits a physiology reflex, such as salivation or eye blink
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anticipatory nausea
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feelings of sickness elicited by stimuli that are associated with receiving chemotherapy treatments
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